全球典型原材料资源关键性评价方法研究进展  

A critical review on typical criticality evaluation methods for raw materials worldwide

作　　者：高文芳 郭天玥[1] 高放 于曼 崔晗 李华杰 阎文艺 吕龙义 孙峙 GAO Wenfang;GUO Tianyue;GAO Fang;YU Man;CUI Han;LI Huajie;YAN Wenyi;LYU Longyi;SUN Zhi(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Process Engineering,National Basic Public Science Data Center,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Enterprises Water Group(China)Investment Limited,Beijing 100102,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院,天津300401 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,国家基础学科公共科学数据中心,北京100190 [3]北控水务(中国)投资有限公司,北京100102 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《化工进展》2025年第3期1619-1631,共13页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52300232);天津市教委项目(2022KJ098)。

摘　　要：随着工业化进程的不断发展,人类社会对矿产原材料的开采不断加深,许多资源面临供应危机。为了更好地计算该矿产的关键性,同时满足低碳的需求,众多研究团队的原材料关键性研究方法相继出现。本研究详细论述了美国、欧盟、中国的4种典型原材料关键性评价方法,及另外8种有重要研究价值的方法,针对73种关键性原材料深入分析各方法的优缺点及适用范围。通过对评价方法的评价框架进行梳理、对评价结果进行归纳、对评价的展现形式进行对比、对方法的具体应用进行总结,结果表明,大部分关键性评价都包含供应风险、供应限制的脆弱性以及环境影响三大指标,展现方法大致分为加权求和法和矩阵分析法。分析得出现阶段各评价方法存在评价对象局限、指标不全、准确性不高的问题。在此基础上,对原材料关键性的研究现状进行了讨论,确定了锂、钴等28种公认的关键原材料。最后,提出原材料关键性评价的未来发展需要具备四个基本性质,即全面性、可自定义性、可预见性和准确性,以促进关键性评价在工业生产过程中的普及,为推进工业绿色低碳化提供理论和数据支持。With the continuous development of industrialization,human society’s exploitation of mineral raw materials is deepening,and many resources are facing supply crises.In order to better calculate the criticality of the mineral and meet low-carbon needs,numerous research teams have developed methods for studying the criticality of raw materials.This study provided a detailed discussion of four typical critical evaluation methods for raw materials in the United States,the European Union and China,as well as eight other methods with significant research value.A thorough analysis of the advantages,disadvantages and applicability of each method was conducted for 73 critical raw materials.By sorting out the evaluation framework of the evaluation method,summarizing the evaluation results,comparing the presentation forms of the evaluation and summarizing the specific applications of the method,the results showed that most critical evaluations included three major indicators:supply risk,vulnerability to supply constraints and environmental impact.The presentation methods were roughly divided into weighted sum method and matrix analysis method.Analysis indicated that there were limitations in the evaluation objects,incomplete indicators and low accuracy in each evaluation method at the current stage.On this basis,the current research status of the criticality of raw materials was discussed and 28 recognized key raw materials such as lithium and cobalt were identified.Finally,it was proposed that the future development of critical evaluation of raw materials needed to possess four basic properties,namely comprehensiveness,customizability,predictability and accuracy in order to promote the popularization of critical evaluation in industrial production processes and provide theoretical and data support for promoting industrial green and low-carbon.

关 键 词：原材料关键性 综合评价 供应风险 矩阵分析 环境影响 

分 类 号：TD989[矿业工程—选矿]