城市土地资源配置与企业劳动收入份额——基于中国土地市场交易数据和企业微观数据的实证分析  

Urban land resource allocation and enterprise labor income shares:An empirical analysis based on China's land market transaction data and enterprise micro data

作　　者：黄敏[1] 韩峰[2] HUANG Min;HAN Feng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院 [2]南京审计大学联合研究院

出　　处：《城市问题》2025年第1期56-69,共14页Urban Problems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073071)——“空间集聚优势与制造业高质量发展研究:理论机制、效应识别与政策优化”;江苏高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人资助项目(D202062045)。

摘　　要：基于2005—2022年中国土地市场网地块交易数据和上市A股企业数据,采用双向固定效应模型,从要素错配视角分析城市土地资源配置对企业劳动收入份额的影响机制。研究发现,地方政府低价出让工业用地、高价限制性出让商住用地的配置方式造成了土地要素市场扭曲和资源错配,显著抑制了企业劳动收入份额。机制分析表明,产业结构效应、劳动要素配置效应和集聚效应是土地资源错配影响企业劳动收入份额的重要机制。进一步分析发现,土地资源错配不仅挤占本地城市的企业劳动收入份额,也可能进一步加剧城市间的收入分配不平衡,对地方政府实施自然资源资产离任审计则有助于缓解土地资源错配对企业劳动收入份额的负面影响。异质性分析显示,土地资源错配对企业劳动收入份额的抑制效应在劳动密集型行业、东部地区和Ⅱ型及以上大城市中更为明显。研究结论可为推动城市建设用地优化配置、提升劳动收入份额、改善收入分配格局提供政策启示。Based on the matching data of land plot transactions from China Land Market Network and the data of Chin's listed A-share enterprises from 2005 to 2022,using two-way fixed-effect model,this paper empirically examines the impact mechanism of urban land resource allocation on the share of labor income of enterprises from the perspective of factor misallocation.The study finds that the allocation mode of local governments selling industrial land at low prices and restrictive transfer of commercial and residential land at high prices has caused the distortion of the land factor market and the misallocation of resources,and significantly reduces the share of labor income of enterprises.The mechanism analysis shows that the misallocation of land resources on the share of labor income of enterprises is mainly realized through the effect of industrial structure,the allocation of labor factors and the agglomeration effect.Further analysis shows that the misallocation of land resources not only crowds out the share of labor income of enterprises in local cities,but also may further aggravate the income distribution imbalance between cities.The implementation of exit audits of natural resource assets of local governments can help to alleviate the negative impact of land resources misallocation on the share of labor income of enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inhibition effect of land resources misallocation on the share of labor income of enterprises is more significant in labor-intensive industries,eastern regions,and large cities of type II and above.The conclusions of this study can provide policy enlightenment for promoting the optimal allocation of urban construction land,increasing the share of labor income,and improving the income distribution pattern.

关 键 词：城市土地资源错配 企业劳动收入份额 低价出让工业用地 高价限制性出让商住用地 收入分配 

分 类 号：F293.2[经济管理—国民经济] F275F272.92