唐宋大朝会宴会仪考论  

On the Banquet Ceremony of the Grand Assembly during Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：杨倩丽 Yang Qianli

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2025年第1期90-98,共9页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：四川省社科重点研究基地四川旅游学院川菜发展研究中心项目“北宋宴飨礼仪研究”(项目编号:CC21W01)的阶段性成果;湖北省社科基金一般项目“北宋宫廷宴饮文化研究”(项目编号:2016023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：唐宋时期,大朝会宴会仪发生了较为显著的变化。唐代仪制中,皇帝着通天冠、绛纱袍,先由群臣上寿,而后正式赐宴;宴中行行盏制,并有乐舞佐宴。宋代承袭唐代旧制,于元日、五月朔及冬至举行大朝会,但举行的次数与频率逊于唐代。宋神宗朝以后,大朝会频次递减,但宴会仪制日益隆重。宋代大朝会宴会仪以太尉(或上公)亲自为皇帝上寿,宴会用乐则完成由俗乐向雅乐的转变。一方面,宋代的大朝会宴会高度仪式化,其目的在于加强皇帝权威;另一方面,此变化也与北宋士大夫尊经复古、追复三代的政治实践密切相关。此外,唐代大朝会行盏十二巡,而宋代只行盏三巡,体现出宋代礼乐改革中的务实精神。The Banquet Ceremony of the Grand Assembly has undergone significant changes during Tang and Song dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty,the emperor was dressed in tongtian guan(通天冠)and jiangsha pao(绛纱袍).Ministers congratulated the emperor,then the banquet began,which consisted of a series rounds of toast and accompanied with music and dance.With a decrease on amount and frequency,Song Dynasty inherited the the Grand Assembly system,set the date on the Chinese New Year’s Day,the first day of the fifth lunar month and the Dongzhi Festival.After Shenzong period,the frequency of the assembly progressively decreased,while the format of the Banquet Ceremony has became increasingly solemn.During the Song Dynasty,the emperor accepted congratulations from tai wei(太尉)or other highest-ranking ministers,and the music used in banquets has completed the transition from popular music to refined music.On the one hand,the high degree of ritualization aimed to strengthen the emperor’s authority;On the other hand,this change was also closely related to the political practice of the Northern Song Dynasty’s literati,who were keen on respecting classics and restoring the ancient customs of the Three Dynasties(三代;san dai).Moreover,from Tang to Song,the rounds of toast has been cut down from twelve to three,this change reflected the practical spirit of the Song Dynasty’s ritual reform.

关 键 词：唐宋 大朝会 宴会仪 政治文化 

分 类 号：K205[历史地理—历史学]