轻微犯罪场域下犯罪标签效应的淡化——以犯罪记录封存制度为切入点  

The Dilution of Crime Label Effect in the Field of Misdemeanor:A Research Starting from the System of Sealing Criminal Records

作　　者：应培礼[1] 钱晓伟 YING Peili;QIAN Xiaowei(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200050)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2025年第1期35-42,共8页Chinese Criminology Review

基　　金：中国犯罪学学会2022年度重大项目“中国犯罪治理指标体系建设与评估”(项目编号:FZXXH2022A02)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,我国的犯罪结构发生了巨大变化,轻罪数量不断上升。无期限的前科报告义务、犯罪记录封存制度的范围限制以及司法工作人员对犯罪记录的管理不当等原因,引发了实践中犯罪标签效应过度泛化、犯罪附随后果与社会危险性不成比例问题的出现,阻碍着刑事政策的落实,与罪责刑相适应原则相背离。目前,我国尚不存在建立前科消灭制度的国内法土壤,也不建议采取自始不转录犯罪记录的做法。通过对我国未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的学理梳理、实践考察以及域外相关制度的检视,以法定刑为划分界限将犯罪记录封存制度扩展适用至轻微犯罪领域,同时优化犯罪记录的登记、封存、查询和解封程序,完善权利救济途径,依托智慧司法赋能检察院的法律监督和防范工作,从而实现轻微犯罪场域下犯罪标签效应的淡化。In recent years,great changes have taken place in the criminal structure of China,and the number of misdemeanors is on the rise.The unlimited obligation to report criminal records,the limitation of the scope of the criminal record sealing system,and the improper management of criminal records by judicial staff have led to the excessive generalization of the criminal label effect in practice,and the disproportion between crime and social risk,which hinder the implementation of criminal policies and deviate from the principle of the compatibility of crime,responsibility and punishment.So far there is no domestic legal basis to establish the system of eliminating criminal records in China,nor is the extreme approach of not transcribing criminal records from the beginning a recommended solution.Based on the theoretical and practical review of China′s juvenile criminal record sealing system and the review of relevant systems in other countries,it is necessary to realize the expanded application of the criminal record sealing system in the field of minor crimes with criminal punishment serving as the boundary of determination,optimize the procedures of registration,sealing,inquiry and unsealing of criminal records,improve the right relief channels,and empower the legal supervision and prevention of the people′s procuratorate by intelligent justice campaigns,so as to contribute to the dilution of the crime label effect in the field of minor crime.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 犯罪标签 记录封存 前科消灭 智慧司法 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]