什么有效?——关于监狱改革的问题与答案  

What Works?Questions and Answers about Prison Reform

作　　者： 孔一(译) 肖璟仪(译) Robert Martinson;KONG Yi;XIAO Jingyi(City University of New York,New York 10019,USA;Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300)

机构地区：[1]纽约市立大学约翰·杰伊刑事司法学院 [2]浙江农林大学文法学院 [3]浙江农林大学文法学院基层治理与土地法治研究所

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2025年第1期101-112,共12页Chinese Criminology Review

摘　　要：“矫正是否有效?”是“监狱改革”议题中必须回答的问题。矫正效果可以用对监狱生活的适应、职业成就、教育成就、个性和态度变化等来评价,但重新犯罪率无疑是最重要的评价指标。本文根据公认的科学标准严格选取了231项可接受的研究,分析了这些研究报告中教育和职业培训、个体辅导、团体辅导、改变机构环境、医学治疗、密集监管等矫正措施对重新犯罪率的影响,结果发现:矫正整体上是无效的。是时候反思矫正与惩罚、治疗与威慑、监狱与监狱替代措施之间的关系和比例了。"What works?"is a crucial question that must be addressed in the discussion of"prison reform".The effectiveness of correction can be evaluated based on factors such as adaptation to prison life,career achievements,educational accomplishments,changes in personality and attitude,among others.However,recidivism rates are undoubtedly the most important evaluation criterion.This paper strictly selects 231 acceptable studies based on recognized scientific standards and analyzes the impact of correctional measures such as educational and vocational training,individual counseling,group counseling,transforming the institutional environments,medical treatment,and intensive supervision on recidivism rates.The results show that,overall,correction is ineffective.It is time to reflect on the relationship and balance between correction and punishment,treatment and deterrence,as well as prisons and alternatives to incarceration.

关 键 词：监狱改革 矫正 有效性 重新犯罪 科学评价 

分 类 号：D926.7[政治法律—法学]