体能训练相关劳力型热射病发病和预后危险因素及降温技术进展  

Advances in risk factors for onset and prognosis of physical training-associated exertional heat stroke and cooling techniques

作　　者：毕娜[1] 王洪宇 孙荣距[1] 冯世斌 刘贺男 Bi Na;Wang Hongyu;Sun Rongju;Feng Shibin;Liu Henan(Emergency Department,the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第八医学中心急诊医学科,北京100091

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2025年第11期1508-1514,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：2022年军队卫生防疫防护专项任务。

摘　　要：体能训练相关劳力型热射病(EHS)早期急性应激即可导致患者多器官功能损害,是致死率极高的训练伤。本文对体能训练相关EHS发病和预后危险因素、降温技术研究进展进行综述。体能训练相关EHS发病危险因素主要包括环境、体型、人口学特征、健康状况和科目因素等,预后危险因素主要涉及全身炎性反应综合征、中枢神经系统功能障碍、肠道功能受损、凝血功能紊乱、横纹肌溶解、心肌损伤、肝功能损害等。降温技术主要包括目标体温管理、水浴浸泡、冰床单降温法、连续肾替代治疗等,需根据现场条件和患者特点综合应用。Physical training-associated exertional heat stroke(EHS)is a highly lethal training injury in which early acute stress can lead to multiple organ damage in patients.This paper reviews the progress of research on physical training-related EHS onset and prognostic risk factors,and cooling techniques.Risk factors for the onset of physical training-associated EHS mainly include environment,body size,demographic characteristics,health status,and subject factors,and prognostic risk factors mainly involve systemic inflammatory response syndrome,central nervous system dysfunction,impaired intestinal function,coagulation disorders,rhabdomyolysis,myocardial injury,and hepatic impairment.Cooling techniques mainly include target temperature management,water bath immersion,ice sheet cooling,continuous renal replacement therapy and so on,which need to be applied comprehensively according to site conditions and patient characteristics.

关 键 词：热射病 劳力型热射病 热休克 降温技术 目标体温管理 综述 

分 类 号：R594.1[医药卫生—内科学]