水氮互作对玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆光合特性、籽粒产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Water-nitrogen Interactions on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Grain Yield and Quality of Soybean under Maize-soybean Strip Intercropping Planting System

作　　者：邓浩亮 潘小番 兰雪梅 肖让 王勤礼[2] DENG Haoliang;PAN Xiaofan;LAN Xuemei;XIAO Rang;WANG Qinli(College of Civil Engineering,Hexi University/Research Institute of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Hexi Corridor,Zhangye Gansu 734000,China;Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Resource Utilization of Edible Fungi and Fungi Bran,Hexi University,Zhangye Gansu 734000,China;College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering,Hexi University,Zhangye Gansu 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]河西学院土木工程学院/河西走廊水资源保护利用研究所,甘肃张掖734000 [2]河西学院甘肃省食用菌菌糠资源化利用工程研究中心,甘肃张掖734000 [3]河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第4期592-605,共14页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RG561);甘肃省教育厅高校教师创新基金(2025A-183);张掖市市级科技计划项目(ZY2024JS27);河西学院博士科研启动基金(KYQD2020012,KYQD2023018)。

摘　　要：为探讨玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆光合特性、生长特征、产量、籽粒品质和水氮利用效率对不同水氮组合的响应,于2022—2023年通过田间试验,采用灌溉和施氮2因素交互设计,按照农田实际蒸散量(ETc),设置3个灌溉水平:低水(W1,60%ETc)、中水(W2,80%ETc)和高水(W3,100%ETc),每个灌溉水平下设置4个施氮水平:不施氮(N0,0kg/hm^(2))、低氮(N1,减氮40%,51kg/hm^(2))、中氮(N2,减氮20%,68 kg/hm^(2))、高氮(N3,常规施氮量,85kg/hm^(2))。结果表明:相同施氮或灌溉水平下大豆的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均随施氮量或灌水量增加而提高,但随着施氮量或灌水量不断增加逐渐趋于稳定。适宜的水氮配比能显著改善大豆生长的水肥环境,提高叶面积指数、根冠比和地上干物质积累量,同时改善大豆品质、提高产量和水氮利用效率,其中灌溉量891.2~931.0m^(3)/hm^(2)、施氮量68.0kg/hm^(2)时大豆产量和经济效益最高,分别可达2004.38~2180.95kg/hm^(2)和10686.66~11424.97元/hm^(2),较其他处理增幅5.08%~229.39%,同时还可获得较高的水氮利用效率。综合考虑产量、水氮利用效率、品质等指标,利用主成分分析法对9个水氮组合处理进行综合评价,得出灌溉量891.2~931.0m^(3)/hm^(2)、施氮量68.0kg/hm^(2)时综合评分最高,是河西绿洲玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆节水减氮、增产调质的有效举措。A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the effects of different water-nitrogen combinations on soybean photosynthetic characteristics,growth,yield,grain quality and water-nitrogen use efficiency under a maize-soybean strip intercropping system.The experiment used a two-factor interaction design with irrigation and nitrogen application.Three irrigation levels were set based on the actual evapotranspiration(ETc):low(W1,60%ETc),medium(W2,80%ETc),and high(W3,100%ETc).Four nitrogen levels were set:no nitrogen(N0,0 kg/hm^(2)),low nitrogen(N1,40%nitrogen reduction,51 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen(N2,20%nitrogen reduction,68 kg/hm^(2)),and high nitrogen(N3,conventional nitrogen application,85 kg/hm^(2)).The results showed that net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of soybean increased with higher nitrogen and irrigation levels but stabilized at higher levels.An appropriate water-nitrogen ratio significantly improved the water-fertilizer environment,increased leaf area index,root-shoot ratio and aboveground dry matter accumulation,and enhanced soybean quality,yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency.Among them,the yield and economic benefit of soybean were the highest when irrigation amount was 100%ETc and nitrogen application amount was 68.0 kg/hm^(2),reaching 2004.38-2180.95 kg/hm^(2) and 10686.66-11424.97 yuan/hm^(2),respectively,representing a 5.08%-229.39%increase compared with other treatments.Additionally,higher water-nitrogen use efficiency was achieved.Considering yield,water-nitrogen use efficiency,quality and other indices,the nine water-nitrogen combination treatments were comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis.The highest score was achieved with 891.2-931.0 m^(3)/hm^(2) irrigation and 68.0 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen.This combination is an effective measure for saving water,reducing nitrogen,increasing yield and improving quality of soybean under the maize-soybean strip intercropping planting system in the Hexi oasis irrigation area.

关 键 词：水氮互作 大豆 带状复合种植 光合特性 产量 品质 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学] S565.1