外源试剂调控谷子种子萌发、苗期发育及杂交种双亲花期效果研究  

Effects of Exogenous Reagents on Seed Germination and Seedling Development and Synchronization of Flowering in Parental Lines of Foxtail Millet Hybrids

作　　者：李素英 刘丹 崔燕娇 张静 刘正理 LI Suying;LIU Dan;CUI Yanjiao;ZHANG Jingand LIU Zhengli(Department of Life Sciences,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan Hebei 063000,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding,Institute of Crop,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山师范学院生命科学系,河北唐山063000 [2]天津市农业科学院农作物研究所,天津市农作物遗传育种重点实验室,天津300384

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第4期628-638,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(21326302D);河北省农业科技成果转化资金。

摘　　要：旨在解决谷子杂交种制种双亲须错期播种花期才能相遇的难题。以骨干基础种质‘冀谷32’为试验材料,通过研究不同浓度、不同种类外源试剂对种子萌发、出苗和苗期发育的影响,探明适宜的调控试剂及其处理浓度、处理时期和调控组合模式;通过测定处理后相关酶活性,阐明其调控生理机制;通过双亲不同开花期差异的杂交种制种试验,验证其调控效果。结果表明:相比于清水处理对照,各梯度浓度硝普钠和戊唑醇拌种,均可使种子萌发后芽变短、根变长,且处理浓度越高,芽越短、根越长;春、夏播均能延迟出苗和抽穗;戊唑醇拌种调控效果更显著,且可提高种子发芽率。各梯度浓度S3307和谷友喷施处理4~6叶期谷苗,均可延缓幼苗发育、延迟抽穗,但谷友在0.5g·L^(-1)和0.75g·L^(-1)时产生药害。戊唑醇拌种后,随处理浓度提高,SOD和NR活性逐步提高,POD和AMS活性总体下降,CAT活性先提高后下降;S3307喷施处理后酶活变化趋势与之相反。根据戊唑醇和S3307调控效果,确定了适宜于开花期相差6~7d、4~5d和2~3d的杂交种双亲中发育较快亲本的花期调控模式,分别为:0.009g·L^(-1)戊唑醇拌种+4叶期喷施0.100g·L^(-1) S3307+间苗留大小苗;0.00675g·L^(-1)戊唑醇拌种+4叶期喷施0.100g·L^(-1)S3307+间苗留大小苗;0.009g·L^(-1)戊唑醇拌种+间苗留大小苗。可见,实现了花期相差1周内的谷子杂交种双亲同期播种花期相遇。To address the challenge of requiring staggered sowing for synchronizing the flowering periods of parental lines in foxtail millet hybrid seed production,this study utilized the elite germplasm‘Jigu32’to investigate the effects of different types and concentrations of exogenous reagents on seed germination,emergence,and seedling development.The appropriate regulatory reagents,treatment concentrations,treatment stages and combination models of regulatory reagents were determined.By measuring the activities of related enzymes after treatment,the physiological regulation mechanism of exogenous reagents was elucidated,and the regulatory effect was verified through seed production experiments involving hybrid parents with varying flowering period differences.The results showed that compared to water-treated control,dressing seeds with sodium nitroprusside and tebuconazole at various concentrations resulted in shorter buds and longer roots after seed germination.Higher concentrations further shortened the buds and extended root lengths.Both spring sowing and summer sowing both delayed the emergence of seedlings and heading,with tebuconazole-treated seeds demonstrating more pronounced regulatory effects and improved germination rates.The spraying S3307 and Guyou at the four-to six-leaf stages delayed seedling development and heading,although Guyou at 0.5 g·L^(-1) and 0.75 g·L^(-1) caused phytotoxic effects.After seeds dressing with tebuconazole,the activities of SOD and NR gradually increased with rising treatment concentrations,while the activities of POD and AMS showed a decreasing trend.The activity of CAT initially increased and then decreased.Conversely,the enzyme activity trends were reversed when S3307 was sprayed during the seedling stage.Based on the regulatory effects of tebuconazole and S3307,the appropriate flowering period regulation models were established for the faster-developing parent of foxtail millet hybrids,where the flowering period differences between the two parents were six to seven days,f

关 键 词：外源试剂 调控 谷子 种子萌发 苗期发育 开花期 生理机制 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]