苹果园3种病原真菌孢子数量的时空动态研究  

Spore Dynamics of Three Apple Fungal Pathogens in Orchards

作　　者：魏佳美 王强[1] 黄卫利 黄丽丽[1] 胡小平[1] 商文静[1] WEI Jiamei;WANG Qiang;HUANG Weili;HUANG Lili;HU Xiaoping;SHANG Wengjing(College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pests on the Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Xi’an Huang’s Bioengineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/农业农村部黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西安黄氏生物工程有限公司,西安710000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第4期754-760,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-03-01);农业重大病虫害精准监测共性技术研发(2022YFD1400403)。

摘　　要：为揭示苹果园空气中苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)、轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)和褐斑病菌(Marssonina coronariae)孢子的时空动态变化规律,利用孢子捕捉和实时荧光定量PCR技术,对2021年7月—2022年7月陕西省白水县果园不同高度空气中3种苹果病原菌孢子数量进行周年动态监测。结果显示:苹果腐烂病菌孢子捕捉高峰期主要在2-6月,病原孢子主要分布在距离地面1.5 m和0.7 m高度;苹果轮纹病菌孢子捕捉高峰期主要在3月初到4月上旬,病原孢子主要分布在距离地面1.5 m和2.0 m高度;苹果褐斑病菌孢子捕捉高峰在4月,病原孢子主要分布在距离地面1.5 m高度。该结果表明虽3种苹果病害均为气传病害,但其病原菌田间时空分布不同,暗示其发生、流行规律存在差异,相应的病害防控策略也可做出调整。This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of Valsa mali,Botryosphaeria dothidea,and Marssonina coronariae spores in the air of apple orchards.Spore capture and quantitative real-time PCR techniques were employed to monitor the annual spore dynamics at different heights(0.7 m,1.5 m,2.0 m)in orchards located in Baishui County,Shaanxi Province from July 2021 to July 2022.The results showed that the capture peak of Valsa mali spores occurred between February and June,with pathogenic spores mainly distributed at the height of 0.7 m and 1.5 m above the ground.The peak spore capture for Botryosphaeria dothidea occurred from early March to early April,with pathogenic spores mainly distributed at the height of 1.5 m and 2.0 m above the ground.The peak spore capture for Marssonina coronariae occurred in April,with pathogenic spores mainly distributed at a height of 1.5 m from the ground.These findings indicate that although all three types of apple diseases are airborne diseases,their spatial distribution in the field differs significantly.This suggests that the occurrence and prevalence patterns of these pathogens vary,which should be considered when developing disease control strategies.This study provides valuable data and theoretical references for the prediction,prevention,and management of these three apple diseases.

关 键 词：苹果腐烂病 苹果轮纹病 苹果褐斑病 监测 孢子动态 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]