我国冬瓜产业发展及新品种保护与测试现状  

Industrial Development of Wax Gourd and Its New Varieties Protection and Testing Status Quo in China

作　　者：李宜蒙 陈孟强 王晨宇 罗元凯 徐振江 刘亚菊[1] LI Yimeng;CHEN Mengqiang;WANG Chenyu;LUO Yuankai;XU Zhenjiang;LIU Yaju(Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province,Xuzhou 221131,Jiangsu,China;Guangzhou Sub-center for New Plant Variety Tests,MARA,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;Development Center of Science and Technology,MARA,Be ijing 100122,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221131 [2]农业农村部植物新品种测试(广州)分中心,广东广州510642 [3]农业农村部科技发展中心,北京100176

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第4期14-19,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：农业农村部2023年物种品种资源保护项目。

摘　　要：冬瓜在保障我国瓜类作物的稳定供应和种植户的种植利益方面起到了重要的作用,培育优良冬瓜新品种以满足市场需求是冬瓜育种者的重要工作。新修订的《中华人民共和国种子法》对冬瓜新品种进行全流程保护,激励了冬瓜育种者的原始创新能力。而目前冬瓜新品种保护和测试存在着育种家新品种保护意识不强,冬瓜测试指南有待进一步完善,冬瓜已知品种分子库亟需完善,测试设施条件存在不足等问题。针对此提出相应的建议:新品种保护办公室应加强普法宣传的工作,建议指南研制单位联合测试单位一起修订指南,同时国家应提高测试机构经费投入等,使冬瓜DUS测试更加适应冬瓜育种技术创新和种业发展需求,以促进冬瓜遗传资源的有效利用,推动我国冬瓜产业的发展。Wax gourd plays an important role in ensuring the stable supply of melon crops in China and protecting the interests of growers,and breeding new varieties to meet market demand is top priority for wax gourd breeders.The amended Seed Law of the People’s Republic of China strengthened the protection of wax gourd breeders’rights in all aspects and the encouragement to initiate original innovation of plant breeding.The pressure on the current DUS system stems from multiple issues.First of all,some plant breeders have low awareness of plant breeders’rights.Secondly,there is an urgent requirement to partly revise guidelines for the conduct of tests for distictness,uniformity and stability of wax gourd.Thirdly,the current DUS testing is till largely dependent upon a set of morphological traits.With the development of new plant breeding techniques,establishing a collection of varieties of common knowledge,construction of DNA fingerprinting database and its application in wax gourd DUS test is required.Lastly,the deficiencies in the testing facility conditions for DUS testing.There are several actions that Chinese authority could take to solve the problems described above.Firstly,the plant variety protection office should take measures to facilitate the popularization of plant variety protection.Secondly,leading wax gourd breeders should collaborate with DUS examiners from the centralized testing center to revise the testing guideline.Finally,Chinese government should provide adequate funding to facilitate DUS testing efficiencies.In order to promote the effective utilization of wax gourd germplasm resources and the development of wax gourd industry,DUS testing should be adjustable for the application of new plant breeding techniques in plant breeding and to meet the development of seed industry.

关 键 词：新品种保护 冬瓜 DUS测试 问题与对策 

分 类 号：S642.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]