不同垄向栽培对越冬番茄生长和产量的影响  

Study on Effects of Different Ridge Orientations on Growth and Yield of Overwintering Tomato Crops

作　　者：闫子双 赵景文 李治国 李宗煦 杨烨 李凯 陈华 宋梦圆 于丽丽 YAN Zishuang;ZHAO Jingwen;LI Zhiguo;LI Zongxu;YANG Ye;LI Kai;CHEN Hua;SONG Mengyuan;YU Lili(Beijing Agricultural Machinery Experiment Appraisal Popularize Station,Beijing 100079,China;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Taihua Lucun Planting Professional Cooperative,Beijing 102402,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站,北京100079 [2]中国农业大学,北京100193 [3]北京泰华芦村种植专业合作社,北京102402

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第4期151-156,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：北京市创新团队(设施蔬菜团队农机农艺融合岗位专家工作经费)项目。

摘　　要：针对日光温室番茄生产南北垄向栽培距离短、不利于机械化作业的问题,以东西垄向能够实现机械化作业为前提,在北京房山日光温室内进行南北垄向和东西垄向越冬茬番茄栽培对比试验,共设计4种栽培模式:CK(南北垄向,行距40 cm,株距40 cm),T1(东西垄向,行距40 cm,株距35 cm),T2(东西垄向,行距40 cm,株距37 cm),T3(东西垄向,行距40 cm,株距40 cm),种植密度分别为2381、2539、2402、2222株·(667 m^(2))^(-1)。结果表明:番茄种植密度接近2400株·(667 m^(2))^(-1)时,定植后37、44、51 d日光温室番茄东西垄向栽培(T2)在株高、茎粗、单果质量、单株结果数、单株产量、每667 m2产量方面与南北垄向(CK)无显著差异。在种植密度为2222~2539株·(667 m^(2))^(-1)的范围内,东西垄向栽培各处理(T1、T2、T3)之间单果质量、单株产量、每667 m2产量差异均不显著,但随着种植密度的增加呈现上升趋势;东西垄向种植密度为2539株·(667 m^(2))^(-1)时,即T1处理株高、茎粗、最大叶叶面积、叶片数相对其他处理都呈现减少趋势。综上,日光温室越冬茬番茄生产可采用东西垄向栽培模式,既能保障产量,又可实现机械化生产。To address the issue of short cultivation distances in north-south ridge orientation for tomato production in solar greenhouses,which is not conducive to mechanized operations,a comparative experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse in Fangshan,Beijing.The experiment compared north-south and eastwest ridge orientations for overwintering tomato cultivation,with the premise that east-west ridge orientation allows for mechanized operations.Four cultivation modes were designed:CK(north-south ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm),T1(east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 35 cm),T2(east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 37 cm),and T3(east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm),with planting densities of 2381,2539,2402,and 2222 plants per 667 m2,respectively.The results showed that when the tomato planting density was close to 2400 plants per 667 m2,there were no significant differences in plant height,stem diameter,single fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m2 between the east-west ridge orientation(T2)and the north-south ridge orientation(CK)at 37,44,and 51 days after planting.Within the planting density range of 2222 to 2539 plants per 667 m2,there were no significant differences in single fruit weight,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m2 among the east-west ridge orientation treatments(T1,T2,T3),although there was an upward trend with increasing planting density.When the planting density in the east-west ridge orientation was 2539 plants per 667 m2(T1),plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,and number of leaves showed a decreasing trend compared to other treatments.Therefore,the east-west ridge orientation cultivation mode can be adopted for overwintering tomato production in solar greenhouses,ensuring both yield and mechanized production.

关 键 词：日光温室 番茄 不同垄向栽培 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]