面向分布式光伏的环境物联网节点定位算法  

Research on Localization Algorithms for Ambient IoT Nodes in Distributed Photovoltaics

作　　者：彭琳钰 王涛 龙姣 吴以杰 王巍 刘佩 PENG Linyu;WANG Tao;LONG Jiao;WU Yijie;WANG Wei;LIU Pei(Power Dispatch Control Center,Guizhou Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550002,China;School of Electronic Information and Communications,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Information Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心,贵州贵阳550002 [2]华中科技大学电子信息与通信学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]武汉理工大学信息工程学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《无线电工程》2025年第4期775-783,共9页Radio Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62471346);贵州电网有限责任公司科技项目(060000KC24100003);国家留学基金(202306950052)。

摘　　要：环境反向散射技术以低功耗、低成本的特点,被认为是分布式光伏场景的潜在解决方案之一。在未来的分布式光伏系统中,为实现对离散分布的光伏电站智能监测与管理,需要配备物联网信息终端,从多个位置采集传感数据并对采集节点进行精确定位。针对现有的反向散射定位系统依赖多个终端对单个环境物联网(Ambient Internet of Things,Ambient IoT)节点进行定位,限制了在复杂场景中的适用性问题,提出了一种仅使用单个物联网终端的环境反向散射智能通信与感知系统。系统利用反向散射信号的信道参数随时间变化更加稳定的特点,将反向散射信号从丰富的多径信号中分离并获取信道参数估计;反向散射标签进行开关键控(On-Off Keying,OOK)调制,利用调制的数据实现多个标签与相应的信道参数估计关联;利用获得的参数进行三角定位确定多个标签的位置;联合优化框架利用多个标签的位置估计,有效减轻了测量误差的影响。实验结果表明,系统实现了0.35 m的中位数定位精度和1.18 m的90%定位精度。Ambient backscatter technology,characterized by its low power consumption and low cost,has been considered a promising solution for distributed photovoltaic scenarios.In future distributed photovoltaic systems,to achieve intelligent monitoring and management of discretely distributed photovoltaic power stations,it is necessary to deploy IoT information terminals that collect sensor data from multiple locations and perform precise localization of collection nodes.To address the limitations of existing backscatter localization systems,which rely on multiple terminals to locate a single Ambient IoT node and thus limit their applicability in complex scenarios,an ambient backscatter-based intelligent communication and sensing system that requires only a single IoT terminal is proposed.The system leverages the relatively stable time-varying characteristics of backscatter signal channel parameters to separate backscatter signals from the rich multipath signals and obtains channel parameter estimates.Backscatter tags employ On-Off Keying(OOK) modulation,enabling the association of multiple tags with corresponding channel parameter estimates through modulated data.Triangulation is used for localization based on the obtained parameters to determine the positions of multiple tags.A joint optimization framework is employed to effectively mitigates measurement errors by utilizing position estimates of multiple tags.Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves a median localization accuracy of 0.35 m and a 90th percentile localization accuracy of 1.18 m.

关 键 词：反向散射定位 环境物联网 无线通信与网络 通信感知一体化 

分 类 号：TN926[电子电信—通信与信息系统]