中药降糖活性成分的研究进展  

Research progress on hypoglycemic active components of Chinese materia medica

作　　者：陈鑫 杜晨曦 魏乐乐 罗云 谭婷 CHEN Xin;DU Chenxi;WEI Lele;LUO Yun;TAN Ting(Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangxi Province,Nanchang330004,China;the National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangxi Province,Nanchang330006,China)

机构地区：[1]江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330004 [2]江西中医药大学中药固体制剂制造技术国家工程研究中心,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2025年第7期74-78,共5页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160824)。

摘　　要：糖尿病是一种以慢性高血糖为主要特征的内分泌代谢性疾病,易引发多种并发症,开展中药降糖活性成分的研究可为开发治疗糖尿病药物提供参考依据。中药的降糖活性成分主要包括黄酮类、皂苷类、生物碱类、多糖类和萜类。这些活性成分主要通过抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡、改善胰岛素抵抗、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性、抑制糖异生、调节炎症因子、改善氧化应激和调节肠道菌群等发挥降糖作用。本文综述近年来中药降糖活性成分及其作用机制的研究进展,旨在为该领域的进一步研究和开发提供参考。Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,which can lead to various complications,research on hypoglycemic active components of Chinese materia medica can provide a reference for the development of drugs to treat diabetes mellitus.Hypoglycemic active components of Chinese materia medica mainly include flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,polysaccharides,and terpenes.These active components mainly exert hypoglycemic effects by inhibiting isletβcell apoptosis,improving insulin resistance,inhibitingα-glucosidase activity,inhibiting gluconeogenesis,regulating inflammatory factors,improving oxidative stress,and regulating intestinal flora.This article reviews research progress on hypoglycemic active components and their action mechanisms of Chinese materia medica in recent years,aiming to provide reference for further research and development in this field.

关 键 词：糖尿病 中药 活性成分 作用机制 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]