新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下晚期新生儿常见呼吸道病毒及非典型病原体流行特点分析  

Analysis in epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses and atypical pathogens in late-term neonates during pandemic period of Coronavirus Disease 2019

作　　者：冯梓龙 徐儒政 边雅婷 孙斌[1] FENG Zilong;XU Ruzheng;BIAN Yating;SUN Bin(Department of Neonatology,Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215000)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属儿童医院新生儿科,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《实用临床医药杂志》2025年第6期24-29,共6页Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice

基　　金：江苏省苏州市科技发展计划项目(SKY2021008)。

摘　　要：目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下晚期新生儿常见呼吸道病毒及非典型病原体流行特点及非药物干预措施(NPIs)对新生儿呼吸道病原体的影响。方法纳入2018年1月—2023年2月因呼吸道感染症状在苏州大学附属儿童医院治疗的2452例晚期新生儿为研究对象,以2018年1月—2019年12月的数据作为疫情管控前组,2020年1月—2021年12月的数据作为疫情管控后组。回顾性分析COVID-19疫情下患儿住院期间8种常见病原体核酸检测结果变化;对2020年3月—2023年2月的数据进行比较,总结COVID-19疫情常态化后不同季节新生儿呼吸道病原体的流行病学特点。结果2452例住院患儿病原体阳性例数为364例(14.85%),其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)检出率最高为262例(10.69%),其次为副流感病毒(PIVS)64例(2.61%)。COVID-19疫情管控前后8种病原体核酸的阳性总检出例数分别为229例(17.1%)、96例(12.3%),疫情管控后检出率低于管控前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);疫情管控后8种病原体检出率均较管控前降低,但仅RSV检出率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疫情管控后RSV阳性例数峰值月份较管控前延迟1个月,2022年的RSV发病出现2次高峰。PIVS在疫情管控前多发于春、夏、秋季,管控后冬季多发,并在管控后检测到的阳性峰值较管控前高;PIVS感染的季节性发生变化。结论COVID-19疫情管控后,苏州晚期新生儿呼吸道感染常见病原体检出率和流行病学发生改变,采取戴口罩、手卫生消毒、保持社交距离、非必要不外出等NPIs对呼吸道病原体的爆发有一定的防范作用。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses and atypical pathogens in late-term neonates during the pandemic period of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)on neonatal respiratory pathogens.Methods A total of 2,452 late-term hospitalized neonates caused by respiratory infection symptoms at the Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to February 2023 were included in the study.Data from January 2018 to December 2019 were used as pre-pandemic control group,and data from January 2020 to December 2021 were used as post-pandemic control group.The changes in nucleic acid test results for eight common pathogens in hospitalized children during the pandemic period of COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed.Data from March 2020 to February 2023 were compared to summarize the epidemiological characteristics of neonatal respiratory pathogens in different seasons after the normalization of the pandemic period of COVID-19.Results Among the 2,452 hospitalized neonates,364(14.85%)tested positive for pathogens,with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)having the highest detection rate of 262 cases(10.69%),followed by parainfluenza viruses(PIVS)with 64 cases(2.61%).The total number of positive cases for the eight pathogens before and after the pandemic control measures were 229(17.1%)and 96(12.3%)respectively.The detection rate after the pandemic control measures was significantly lower than before(P<0.05).The detection rates of all eight pathogens decreased after the pandemic control measures,but only the difference in the RSV detection rate was statistically significant(P<0.05).The peak month for RSV-positive cases was delayed by one month after the pandemic control measures compared to pandemic control before,and there were two peaks in RSV incidence in 2022.PIVS was more prevalent in spring,summer,and autumn before the pandemic control measures,but became more prevalent in winter afterward,with a higher peak in p

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 呼吸道感染 晚期新生儿 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型 非典型病原体 流行病学 呼吸道合胞病毒 副流感病毒 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R511[医药卫生—临床医学] R373