四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区豹和豹猫的时空分化  

Spatiotemporal differentiation of Panthera pardus and Prionailurus bengalensis in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘名洋 李旭琴 李忠伦 李英 蒋勇 阮光发 鲁碧耕 杨楠 LIU Mingyang;LI Xuqin;LI Zhonglun;LI Ying;JIANG Yong;RUAN Guangfa;LU Bigeng;YANG Nan(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Natural Forest Protection Center of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Kangding 626000,China;Forestry Bureau of Xinlong County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Xinlong 626800,China;Sichuan Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Kangding 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用四川省重点实验室,四川成都610041 [3]甘孜藏族自治州天然林保护中心,四川康定626000 [4]甘孜藏族自治州新龙县林业局,四川新龙626800 [5]四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区管理局,四川康定626000

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期127-134,共8页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0130);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZYN2024094)。

摘　　要：食肉动物处于食物链和营养水平的顶端或次顶端,对维持生态系统结构和功能稳定具有重要作用.探究顶级和次顶级捕食者的生态位分化对于物种的区域整合保护和管理具有重要的现实意义.本研究利用四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区2017—2020年的红外相机数据,分析对比了豹(Panthera pardus)和豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)两种猫科动物的栖息地分布和日活动节律情况.空间分析结果表明豹猫和豹适宜栖息地重叠度高,面积分别为1771.76 km^(2)和1409.32 km^(2),豹猫对于人为干扰较强的区域适应能力更强;时间分析结果表明豹猫和豹在干季时间节律差异较大(时间重叠指数Dhat 1=0.620),豹猫活动高峰为20∶00~4∶00,而豹活动高峰为18∶00~20∶00.在湿季,豹猫和豹的活动节律差异较小(Dhat 1=0.938),整个夜间均为其活动高峰.研究结果将为深入探究同域顶级与次顶级捕食者的物种共存机制提供案例,同时也将为保护区豹和豹猫种群的精细化管理提供基础资料.At the top or sub-top of the food chain and nutrient level,carnivores play an important role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of ecosystems.The study of niche differentiation of top predators and sub-top predators is of great practical significance for regional integrated conservation and management of species.Using infrared camera data from 2017 to 2020 in Sichuan Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve,this study utilized and compared the habitat distribution and daily activity patterns of two feline species:the leopard(Panthera pardus) and the leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis).Spatial analysis results indicated a high degree of overlap in suitable habitats for leopard cats and leopards,with respective areas of 1 771.76 km^(2) and 1 409.32 km^(2),with leopard cats being more adaptable to areas with more human disturbance.Temporal analysis results revealed significant differences in the daily activity patterns of leopard cats and leopards during the dry season(temporal overlap index Dhat 1=0.620).Leopard cats exhibited peak activity from 20:00 to 4:00,while leopards peaked from 18:00 to 20:00.In contrast,during the wet season,there was less difference in the activity patterns between leopard cats and leopards(Dhat 1=0.938),with both species exhibiting peak activity throughout the night.The results of this study provided examples for further exploring the mechanisms of the coexistence mechanisms between top and sub-top predators,and also offered support for the refined management of leopard and leopard cat populations in the Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区 顶级捕食者 次顶级捕食者 日活动节律 生态位分化 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]