基于多智能体强化学习的电-碳-绿证耦合市场下多市场主体行为研究  

Multi-entity Behaviors in Electricity-Carbon-Green Certificate Coupled Markets Based on Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning

作　　者：周飞航 王灏 王海利 王萌 金耀杰 李重春 张忠德 王鹏[3] ZHOU Feihang;WANG Hao;WANG Haili;WANG Meng;JIN Yaojie;LI Zhongchun;ZHANG Zhongde;WANG Peng(Inner Mongolia Power Exchange Center Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010020,China;College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;National Institute of Energy Development Strategy,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古电力交易中心有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,北京102206 [3]华北电力大学国家能源发展战略研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国电力》2025年第4期44-55,共12页Electric Power

基　　金：内蒙古电力交易中心科技项目(电碳市场耦合机理及内蒙古电力交易机制深化研究,DLJY-GKCG-2024-SCJYYB-0401-0013)。

摘　　要：建立全国碳排放权交易市场和绿证市场是中国实现“双碳”目标的重要策略之一。然而,现有研究多从经济角度分析市场耦合关系,忽视了电力网络的物理约束以及新能源出力不确定性对市场协同优化的影响,且没有考虑电力用户进入碳市场的情况。针对这一不足,提出了一种基于物理网络节点的电-碳-绿证耦合市场双层优化模型,分析碳市场扩容背景下市场主体行为及耦合机制的变化。模型在电网物理拓扑结构的基础上,引入电力用户参与碳市场的决策机制,并结合绿证与碳配额的抵消规则,探索线路阻塞对市场主体决策的影响。使用蒙西地区新能源机组实际出力数据,验证所提模型的合理性与有效性。结果表明:电力用户纳入碳市场可显著提升耦合市场的整体收益;线路阻塞对市场主体行为及市场收益具有重要影响;在碳配额充裕条件下,引入碳证抵消机制能够进一步优化市场效率。Establishing a national carbon emission trading market and green certificate market is one of the key strategies for China to achieve its"dual carbon"goals.However,existing research predominantly analyzes the market coupling relationships from an economic perspective,overlooking the impact of power network physical constraints and the uncertainty of renewable energy output on the coordinated optimization of markets.Additionally,the scenario of power consumers participating in the carbon market has not been considered.To address this limitation,a bi-level optimization model for the coupled electricity-carbon-green certificate market based on physical network nodes is proposed to analyzes the behaviors of market entities and the changes in coupling mechanisms under the context of carbon market expansion.In the model,a decision-making mechanism is introduced for power consumers participating in the carbon market based on the physical topology of the power grid,and by incorporating the offset rules between green certificates and carbon allowances,the impact of transmission line congestion on the decision-making of market entities is explored.The actual output data of new energy units in the Mongolia region is used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model.The results show that the participation of electricity users in the carbon market can significantly increase the overall returns of the coupled market,and line congestion has a significant impact on the behaviors of market entities and market revenues;in the context of abundant carbon quotas,introducing the carbon credit offset mechanism can further optimize the coupled market efficiency.

关 键 词：碳排放权交易市场 绿证市场 耦合市场双层优化模型 多智能体强化学习 线路阻塞 碳证抵消机制 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]