乌鲁木齐和克拉玛依大气VOCs特征及来源解析  

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric VOCs in Urumqi and Karamay Cities

作　　者：纪元 刘妍慧 刘喜 孙林 宋雨桥 白珊珊 赵新亭 耿春梅[1] 杨文[1] JI Yuan;LIU Yanhui;LIU Xi;SUN Lin;SONG Yuqiao;BAI Shanshan;ZHAO Xinting;GENG Chunmei;YANG Wen(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830011)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区生态环境监测总站,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《北京大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期227-239,共13页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区生态环境厅“伊犁河谷核心区城市大气污染深度源解析及污染防治对策研究”项目(HYZB-2021-0340);新疆维吾尔自治区生态环境监测总站“新疆重污染天气应急管控能力建设”项目(2022-地方科研-1065);“新疆维吾尔自治区PM2.5与O3科学精准监管能力建设”项目(HYZB-2022-0320);“新疆大气综合观测站运维及质控保障”项目(ZZCD-2024-0401)资助。

摘　　要：利用在线气相色谱-质谱联用法,于2023年秋季至2024年夏季,在乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市观测116种大气可挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度,探究两个城市VOCs污染特征、来源解析以及二次污染物的生成潜势。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市VOCs年平均浓度((31.08±20.7)×10^(-9))高于克拉玛依市((23.08±20.9)×10^(-9)),两个城市的VOCs均呈现春夏低、秋冬高的季节变化趋势。乌鲁木齐市VOCs组分以烷烃(38.7%)和含氧挥发性有机物OVOCs(16.7%)为主,而克拉玛依市烷烃占比达到47.2%,其次为烯烃(13.7%)。乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市夏季VOCs的臭氧生成潜势分别为139.2和46.7μg/m^(3),主要由OVOCs贡献(38.2%和41.8%);冬季对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势分别为0.59和0.41μg/m^(3),主要由芳香烃贡献(89.8%和84.8%)。乌鲁木齐市OH反应活性(5.0 s^(-1))高于克拉玛依市(2.6s^(-1)),其中烯烃是最重要的贡献组分。PMF源解析结果表明,两个城市的VOCs来源基本上一致,主要为固定燃烧源、机动车排放源、溶剂使用源、工艺过程源和区域背景源。固定燃烧源和机动车排放源对乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市VOCs的贡献率分别为23.8%和23.5%,在全国多城市对比结果中处于高位。Continuous measurements of 116 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)species by online gas chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)from autumn 2023 to summer 2024 in Urumqi and Karamay were used to investigates the pollution characteristics of VOCs,the potential contribution to secondary pollutants,and their sources.The results showed that the average VOC concentration in Urumqi((31.08±20.7)×10^(-9))was higher than in Karamay((23.08±20.9)×10^(-9)).Both cities showed a seasonal variation trend with lower VOCs concentrations in spring and summer and higher concentrations in autumn and winter.In Urumqi,alkanes(38.7%)and oxygenated volatile organic compounds OVOCs(16.7%)were the primary components of VOCs,whereas in Karamay,the proportion of alkanes reached as high as 47.2%,followed by alkenes(13.7%).The ozone formation potential of VOCs in Urumqi and Karamay in summer was 139.2μg/m^(3) and 46.7μg/m^(3),respectively,mainly contributed by OVOCs(38.2%and 41.8%).In winter,secondary organic aerosol formation potential were 0.59μg/m^(3) and 0.41μg/m^(3),respectively,mainly contributed by aromatics(89.8%and 84.8%).OH reactivity in Urumqi(5.0 s^(-1))was higher than that in Karamay(2.6 s^(-1)).Alkenes were found to be the major contributor to OH reactivity.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)source analysis for the two cities revealed great similarity,with the common factors including combustion,traffic exhaust,solvent evaporation,industrial emissions,and regional background.Combustion and traffic exhaust contributed the most to ambient VOCs concentrations in Urumqi and Karamay at 23.8%and 23.5%,respectively,which was high compared with other cities in China.

关 键 词：VOCS 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 源解析 乌鲁木齐 克拉玛依 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]