昆明市人为源大气污染物排放清单研究  

Emission Inventory Study of Anthropogenic Air Pollutants in Kunming,China

作　　者：刘展芸 龚元均 陈云波 徐怡蕾 叶海云 李丽珍 刘跃辉 佟磊[3] 卞雅慧 陆克定[1] LIU Zhanyun;GONG Yuanjun;CHEN Yunbo;XU Yilei;YE Haiyun;LI Lizhen;LIU Yuehui;TONG Lei;BIAN Yahui;LU Keding(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention and Control,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Kunming Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,Kunming 650032;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021)

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护大气臭氧污染防治重点实验室,北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [2]昆明市生态环境科学研究院,昆明650032 [3]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021

出　　处：《北京大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期301-313,共13页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21976006)资助。

摘　　要：为准确地掌握昆明市人为源大气污染物排放情况,利用统计年鉴和各市级部门统计数据,结合企业填报、实地采样和走访调研,建立昆明市2018年人为源大气污染物排放清单。通过重点企业挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)排口检测和文献调研,得到昆明市的VOCs源谱数据,并编制昆明市VOCs分物种清单,计算其臭氧生成潜势。结果表明,2018年昆明市人为源二氧化硫(SO_(2))、氮氧化物(NOx)、一氧化碳(CO)、VOCs、氨气(NH3)、可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、黑碳(BC)和有机碳(OC)排放量分别为13476.92,53327.85,397383.83,55514.73,20465.41,75473.99,29405.57,1947.53和4405.39吨。其中,NOx的主要排放源为移动源(50.7%);NH3的主要排放源为农业源(88.5%);PM_(10)的主要排放源为扬尘源(44.1%)和工艺过程源(43.1%);CO,VOCs和PM_(2.5)的主要排放源为工艺过程源,在不同污染物排放量中的占比分别达到68.2%,41.7%和51.2%;SO_(2),BC和OC的主要排放源为化石燃料固定燃烧源,其排放占比分别为53.0%,45.0%和35.9%。污染物集中在主城5区和安宁市,主城5区中,以青年路和人民中路为中心向外辐散,呈贡区污染物相对较少。SO_(2),BC和OC以高值点源分布为主,NOx,CO,VOCs和PM_(2.5)是线源和点源分布相结合,PM_(10)呈现点源和面源相结合的空间分布特征,NH3呈现显著的面源空间分布特征。VOCs分物种清单中排放量占比最多的是芳香烃和烷烃,主要来源为机动车排放、建筑涂料和工业溶剂等溶剂使用行业。臭氧生成潜势(OFP)中,芳香烃类的占比高达49.9%,且占比较高的VOCs物种为(间、对)二甲苯、甲苯、乙烯等。In order to accurately grasp the emission characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutants in Kunming,this study utilizes statistical data from the statistical yearbook and various municipal departments,integrating enterprise surveys,field sampling,and on-site interviews and investigations to establish an anthropogenic emission inventory for Kunming in 2018.The source spectrum data for volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in Kunming were obtained through emission outlet testing at key enterprises and literature research.A detailed list of VOCs sub-species in Kunming was compiled,and their ozone formation potential was calculated.The results showed that the emissions of sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),nitrogen oxides(NOx),carbon monoxide(CO),VOCs,ammonia(NH3),particulate matter(PM_(10)),fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),black carbon(BC)and organic carbon(OC)in Kunming during 2018 were 13476.92 tons,53327.85 tons,397383.83 tons,55514.73 tons,20465.41 tons,75473.99 tons,29405.57 tons,1947.53 tons,4405.39 tons,respectively.Among these,the primary emission sources for NOx were mobile sources(50.7%),NH3 were agricultural sources(88.5%),PM_(10) were dust sources(44.1%)and process sources(43.1%).The main emission sources of CO,VOCs and PM_(2.5) were process sources,which accounted for 68.2%,41.7%,and 51.2%of the emissions of different pollutants,respectively.The primary emission sources for SO_(2),BC and OC were stationary combustion sources of fossil fuel,with emission shares of 53.0%,45.0%and 35.9%,respectively.Pollutants were mainly concentrated in the 5 districts of the main city as well as in Anning City.Within the 5 districts of the main city,pollutants were distributed outward from the center along Youth Road and Renmin Middle Road,with relatively few pollutants found in Chenggong District.SO_(2),BC,and OC were mainly distributed by high-value point sources,NOx,CO,VOCs,and PM_(2.5) were distributed by a combination of line and point sources.PM_(10) presented a spatial distribution characterized by a combination of point and surf

关 键 词：人为源排放清单 VOCs分物种清单 昆明市 排放特征 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]