中小制造企业数字服务化转型组态路径研究——基于“技术—组织—环境”联动视角  

Research on the Configuration Paths of Digital Service Transfor⁃mation for Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises--A Technology-Organization-Environment Framework Perspective

作　　者：周玉娟 凌端新 王秀芹 吕希琛 孔庆伟[3] Zhou Yujuan;Ling Duanxin;Wang Xiuqin;Lv Xichen;Kong Qingwei(School of Economics and Management,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China;China Academy of Industrial Internet,Beijing 100015,China;Xi'an Institute of Applied Optics,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]中国工业互联网研究院,北京100015 [3]西安应用光学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《创新科技》2025年第3期68-81,共14页Innovation science and technology

基　　金：2024年黑龙江省经济社会发展重点研究课题(基地专项)“同群效应驱动黑龙江省中小制造企业数字化转型的路径和对策研究”(24428-1);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“数字技术赋能黑龙江省服务型制造供应链低碳转型升级机理与实现路径研究”(22GLC276)。

摘　　要：为探讨中小制造企业数字服务化转型组态路径,以部分中小板企业为研究对象,基于“技术—组织—环境”(TOE)理论框架,从整体视角确定6个驱动企业转型升级的前因条件,构建影响中小制造企业数字服务化转型的因素驱动模型,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA)从组态视角探究各影响因素间的因果关系。研究发现:①任何单一要素都不能单独解释企业的数字服务化转型,需要多个因素组合说明;②企业实现高水平数字服务化转型的组态路径有技术赋能与吸收能力催化型、组织支撑与创新能力驱动型两类;③在数字技术水平及技术创新水平高、吸收能力强的情况下,整合能力和市场竞争可等效替代,以“殊途同归”的方式提升企业转型绩效;④非高水平数字服务化转型组态路径有整合能力与市场竞争协同驱动型、技术与吸收能力缺失型两类;⑤区域异质性分析表明:东部地区以技术赋能与吸收能力催化型为主要转型路径;西部地区组态路径只有1条,为环境主导型;中部地区组态路径主要表现为全要素主导型和整合能力—政策支持主导型。研究从整体和区域等多视角出发,揭示了中小制造企业数字服务化转型多重驱动因素之间的复杂组态效应,对数字经济背景下中国中小制造企业破除“服务化悖论”、实现高质量发展具有重要的实际意义。To explore the configuration paths of the digital service transformation for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises(SMEs),analyze the factors and mechanisms affecting the transformation,and uncover the"black box"driving the service transformation through multi-factor interconnections,this study selects a sample of manufacturing SMEs listed on the stock market as case studies.Based on the"Technology-Organization-Environment"(TOE)framework,the study identifies and analyzes the key driving factors that these enterprises encounter in the process of achieving digital service transformation.Through a holistic analysis,the paper categorizes the antecedent conditions driving the transformation into six dimensions,constructing a factor-driven model for manufacturing SMEs'digital service transformation.Furthermore,the study uses the"Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis"(fsQCA)method to systematically explore the causal relationships between different factor configurations.The findings reveal that no single factor can explain the digital service transformation of enterprises independently;rather,a combination of multiple factors is needed.The configuration paths for achieving a high level of digital service transformation are divided into two types:one driven by technology empowerment and absorption capacity,and the other driven by organizational support and innovation capability.These paths highlight the crucial roles of digital technology application,the improvement of absorption capacity,the support for innovation capacity,and the effective allocation of organizational resources in the transformation process.In situations where the levels of digital technology and technological innovation are high,along with strong absorption capacity,integration capacity and market competition can enhance the transformation performance in an"equivalent but different"way.For cases of non-high digital service transformation,the paths are characterized by a focus on integration energy and market competition,as well as a lac

关 键 词：中小制造企业 数字服务化 TOE fsQCA 组态路径 

分 类 号：F426.4[经济管理—产业经济]