超深竖井施工风险分析及对策研究  

Risk analysis and countermeasure research of ultra-deep shaft construction

作　　者：范文博 张同钊 牛鹏翔 生帅 刘书杰 FAN Wenbo;ZHANG Tongzhao;NIU Pengxiang;SHENG Shuai;LIU Shujie(China Coal Construction Group Limited Corporation,Beijing 102218,China;Beijing China Coal Mine Engineering Com pany Limited,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤建设集团有限公司,北京102218 [2]北京中煤矿山工程有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建井技术》2025年第2期66-72,共7页Mine Construction Technology

摘　　要：超深竖井工程面临的地质构造、物理场环境与浅部具有较大差异性。此类环境中施工存在着岩爆、突水、热害、片帮、大变形及腐蚀的风险。针对超深竖井施工中存在的难题进行了相关风险特征及对策分析。研究结果表明:(1)对于岩爆、突水、片帮、大变形等风险首先要进行灾害预测和预警,其中微震监测和超前地质探测是岩爆和突水常用的预警手段。(2)针对岩爆,通常以超前泄压技术予以控制;突水风险方面,主要采取帷幕注浆手段;热害问题,一般运用冷却降温技术解决;对于片帮和大变形风险,通过优化施工工艺与改进支护结构等措施应对;化学腐蚀问题,则采用研发抗腐蚀材料等举措来处理。(3)当前对于岩爆、突水、片帮、变形等风险的预警不能依靠单一技术,需要联合多种方法进行预报,同时需要加强施工过程中的人员培训,提高风险识别和反应能力。研究成果对于超深竖井施工具有重要的指导意义。Ultra-deep shaft projects face geological formations and physical field environments that are quite different from those in the shallow part.Construction in this kind of environment,there are risks of rock burst,sudden water,thermal damage,sheet gang,large deformation and corrosion.Aiming at the difficulties existing in the construction of ultra-deep shafts,this paper analyzed the relevant risk characteristics and countermeasures.The results of the study showed that:(1)for rock explosion,sudden water,slice gang,large deformation and other risks should be the first disaster prediction and early warning,in which micro-seismic monitoring and over-excursion geological exploration was a common early warning means of rock burst and sudden water.(2)The rock burst was usually controlled by the overpressure relief technology.In terms of water inrush risks,the curtain grouting method was mainly adopted.As for the heat hazard problem,it was generally solved by using the cooling and temperature reduction technology.For the risks of rib spalling and large deformation,measures such as optimizing the construction process and improving the support structure were taken to deal with them.When it comes to the problem of chemical corrosion,initiatives like researching and developing anti-corrosion materials were employed to handle it.(3)Currently,the early warning of risks such as rock bursts,water inrushes,rib spalling and deformations could not rely on a single technology.It was necessary to combine multiple methods for forecasting.Meanwhile,it was also required to strengthen personnel training during the construction process to improve the ability to identify risks and respond to them.The research results are of great significance for the construction of ultra-deep shafts.

关 键 词：深竖井工程 岩爆 突水 多场耦合 风险对策 

分 类 号：TD214[矿业工程—矿井建设]