基于环境DNA技术的西江珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区鱼类多样性研究  

Research on fish diversity in Xijiang Rare Fish Provincial Nature Reserve based on environmental DNA technology

作　　者：钟占友 邓洪 寇春妮 陈蔚涛 武智[2] 李跃飞[2] 夏雨果[2] 李慧峰 李捷[2,3] 朱书礼 ZHONG Zhanyou;DENG Hong;KOU Chunni;CHEN Weitao;WU Zhi;LI Yuefei;XIA Yuguo;LI Huifeng;LI Jie;ZHU Shuli(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Experimental Station for Scientific Observation on Fishery Resources and Environment in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Pearl River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment,Guangzhou 510380,China;Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部珠江中下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站/国家渔业资源环境广州观测实验站,广东广州510380 [3]农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2025年第2期47-58,共12页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“珠江流域渔业资源与栖息地调查”;中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023TD10)。

摘　　要：为更好地保护西江珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区的鱼类资源,利用基于COI和12S rRNA 2个基因标记的环境DNA技术(Environmental DNA,eDNA),对保护区江段的左岸、中间和右岸共计18个采样站位开展了鱼类种类组成及河段不同横向断面的鱼类多样性分析。结果发现,COI和12S rRNA 2个基因共检测出53种鱼类,隶属于4目12科48属;12S rRNA基因检测出47种鱼类,COI基因检测出19种鱼类,2个基因同时检测出的鱼类有13种。基于序列丰度的Alpha多样性分析结果显示,2个基因的结果一致支持保护区江段左岸的鱼类物种数和Chao1丰富度最高,说明左岸具有较高的鱼类多样性。基于12S rRNA基因的Beta多样性结果发现,保护区的左岸、中间和右岸的鱼类组成存在显著性差异。研究结果可为保护区鱼类生物多样性的保护和动态监测提供基础资料与技术支持。To better protect the fish resources in the Xijiang Rare Fish Provincial Nature Reserve,we used the environmental DNA(eDNA)technology to analyze the fish species composition and fish diversity at different cross sections of 18 sampling sta-tions on the left,middle and right banks of the river section.Two molecular markers,i.e.COI and 12S rRNA,were used in this study.The results show that the two genes of 12S rRNA and COI were detected in 53 fish species,belonging to 48 genera,12 fami-lies and 4 orders.Forty-seven and nineteen fish species were examined based on 12S rRNA and COI,respectively.In addition,13 shared fish species were discovered by using the two gene markers.Alpha diversity analysis based on sequence abundance shows that the two markers unanimously supported the highest number of fish species and the highest richness of Chao 1 index on the left bank of the river section,indicating that the left bank appears to have higher fish diversity than the middle and right banks.Beta diversity analysis based on 12S rRNA shows obvious differences in the fish composition on the left,middle and right banks.The research provides basic data and technical support for the protection and dynamic monitoring of fish biodiversity in this nature reserve.

关 键 词：环境DNA 鱼类多样性 自然保护区 西江珍稀鱼类 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]