不同复合碳源对沉积物-水界面营养盐垂直分布特征及交换通量的影响  

Effects of complex carbon sources on vertical distribution and exchange flux of dissolved nutrients at sediment-water interface

作　　者：罗义民 张凯[2] 谢骏[2] 王广军[2] 龚望宝[2] 李志斐[2] 夏耘[2] 田晶晶 李红燕 谢文平[2] 郁二蒙[2,3] LUO Yimin;ZHANG Kai;XIE Jun;WANG Guangjun;GONG Wangbao;LI Zhifei;XIA Yun;TIAN Jingjing;LI Hongyan;XIE Wenping;YU Ermeng(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [3]广西科学院广西海洋科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2025年第2期90-101,共12页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077453);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400504);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023TD62);广东省渔业发展支持政策一般性转移支付项目(502022017)。

摘　　要：为深入探究复合碳源的净化机理,以大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖系统为实验对象,设置2个处理组,分别添加玉米皮复合碳源和水稻杆复合碳源,对照组不添加复合碳源。通过平衡式孔隙水采样(Pore water equilibriums,Peeper)技术采集各组沉积物-水界面垂直剖面的原位水样,分析各组营养盐的垂直分布特征,并估算沉积物-水界面的交换通量,进而研究复合碳源对沉积物-水界面氮迁移转化的影响。结果表明:1)各组沉积物-水界面各营养盐均具有明显的垂直分布规律,除氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)外,其他营养盐的浓度随深度增加呈下降趋势。2)在大口黑鲈养殖系统沉积物中,硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)是主要的内源释放营养盐;相比对照组,2组复合碳源均促进了沉积物中NH_(4)^(+)-N的释放;此外,玉米皮碳源减缓了NO_(3)^(-)-N、亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)和磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)的释放,水稻杆碳源的影响不显著。3)添加复合碳源促进了水体营养盐的去除,相比水稻杆碳源,玉米皮碳源对TN、PO_(4)^(3-)-P和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率更高,分别为73%、53%和48%。综上,添加复合碳源能够影响营养盐垂直分布特征和沉积物-水界面的扩散通量,其中玉米皮碳源可减缓沉积物中营养盐的释放,且具有较好的水体净化效果。To investigate the purification mechanism of composite carbon source,taking largemouth bass(Micropterus sal-moides)breeding system as the experimental object,we added the treatment group with composite carbon source of corn husk and composite carbon source of rice straw,but did not add the control group with composite carbon source,and then collected the in situ water samples from the vertical profiles of each group of the sediment-water interface by using with the Peeper(Pore water equilibriums)technique,so as to analyze the vertical distribution of nutrient salts in each group,estimate the exchange fluxes at the sediment-water interface,and investigate the effects of the composite carbon sources on the nitrogen transport and transformation at the sediment-water interface.The results show that:1)Each group of nutrient salts at the sediment-water in-terface had a strong vertical distribution pattern,except for ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and total nitrogen(TN),while the other nutrient salts showed a decreasing trend with depth.2)NO_(3)^(-)-N was the main endogenously released nutrient salts in the sediments of the largemouth bass aquaculture system.Compared with the control group,the two groups of carbon sources both promoted the release of NH_(4)^(+)-N in the sediments.The corn husk carbon source slowed down the release of nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)--N)and phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P),and the effect of the rice straw carbon source was insignificant.3)The addition of the composite carbon source promoted the nutrient salts removal from the water body.Compared with the rice straw carbon source,the corn husk carbon source had higher TN,PO_(4)^(3-)-P and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rates of 73%,53%and 48%,respectively.In conclusion,adding composite carbon sources affects the vertical distribution charac-teristics of nutrient salts and diffusion fluxes at the sediment-water interface;the corn husk carbon source slowed down the re-lease of nutrient salts from the sediment and had a bet

关 键 词：碳源 沉积物-水界面 营养盐 垂直分布 交换通量 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]