低盐水体SO_(4)^(2-)/Cl^(-)胁迫下凡纳滨对虾生长、肝胰腺与鳃组织结构及酶活力比较  

Comparative study on growth,hepatopancreas and gill histological struc-ture,and enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei under SO_(4)^(2−)/Cl^(−) stress in low saline water

作　　者：贺铮 朱长波 苏家齐[2] HE Zheng;ZHU Changbo;SU Jiaqi(Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510300,China;College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院,天津300392 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2025年第2期118-126,共9页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项(2020YFD0900400);内蒙古农业大学高层次人才引进科研启动项目(NDYB2023-4);内蒙古自治区本级事业单位引进高层次人才科研支持经费(DC2400001032)。

摘　　要：中国西北地区的盐碱水及淡水资源中硫酸根离子(SO42-)比例通常较高。为探究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)对水体中SO42-含量的适应性,在室内可控条件下对体质量为(0.9±0.2)g的凡纳滨对虾开展了为期5周的养殖实验。实验用水以定制海水素配制,盐度为5‰,水体SO42-质量浓度分别为0.385(对照)、1.175、1.735和2.300 g·L^(-1),对应的SO_(4)^(2-)/Cl^(-)(mg/mg)比值分别为0.140、0.577、1.127和2.225(A、B、C、D组)。结果显示,实验期间各组凡纳滨对虾的成活率均高于70%,成活率、湿质量、体质量增长率和特定生长率均无显著性差异(p>0.05)。对虾肝胰腺和鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随水体硫酸盐浓度增加先上升后下降,D组肝胰腺SOD活性显著低于其他组(p<0.05),A和D组鳃SOD活性显著低于其他组(p<0.05)。各组对虾肝胰腺和鳃的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、钠钾ATP酶(Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著性差异(p>0.05)。各组对虾肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性均无显著性差异(p>0.05);但鳃ACP和AKP活性随硫酸盐浓度升高均呈下降趋势,D组鳃ACP活性最低,其AKP和TYR活性显著低于A组(p<0.05)。各组鳃组织结构未见明显变化,D组肝胰腺管腔变形增大,部分B细胞破裂。综上,凡纳滨对虾对低盐水体硫酸盐含量偏高有一定的耐受性,但高硫酸盐胁迫会引起凡纳滨对虾鳃免疫、抗氧化相关酶活性发生变化,以及肝胰腺组织损伤。盐度为5‰条件下其适宜的SO_(4)^(2-)/Cl^(-)范围为0.140~1.127。The proportion of sulfate ions in saline-alkali waters and fresh water in northwest China is usually high. In order to investigate the adaptability of Litopenaeus vannamei to high sulfate content saline water, taking juvenile shrimps [Average body mass of (0.9±0.2) g] as objects, we conducted a 5-week aquaculture experiment in a controlled indoor environment. The experi-mental water was prepared with customized artificial sea salts and the salinity was 5‰. The sulfate ion concentrations were 0.385 (Control), 1.175, 1.735 and 2.300 g·L^(-1), corresponding to SO_(4)^(2−)/Cl^(−)(mg/mg) ratios of 0.140, 0.577, 1.127 and 2.225 (Labeled as Group A, B, C and D). The results show that the survival rates of L. vannamei in all the groups were above 70%, and there were no significant differences in the survival rate, wet mass, body mass gain rate and specific growth rate among all the groups (p>0.05). The SOD activity of hepatopancreas and gills of L. vannamei increased first and then decreased as the water sulfate concentration increased. The SOD activity of hepatopancreas in Group D was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p<0.05), while the SOD activity of gills in Group A and D was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the GSH-Px, sodium-potassium ATPase activity and MDA content among all the groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in the hepatopancreas ACP and AKP and tyrosinase activity among all the groups (p>0.05), but the ACP activity of gills in all the groups decreased as the sulfate concentration increased. The ACP activity of gills in Group D was the lowest, and its AKP and TYR activities were significantly lower than those in Group A (p<0.05). No obvious changes were observed in the structure of gill tissues under HE staining in any group. In Group D, the lumen of hepatopancreas was deformed and enlarged, and some B cells were broken. In summary, L. vannamei has tolerance to certain sulfate content in low salini

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 硫酸盐 生长 组织结构 酶活性 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]