明代多胞胎助养考论——兼论明清多胞胎助养机制的变化  

On the Policy of Supporting Multiple Births in Ming Dynasty——Discussing Its Changes in Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张幼欣 ZHANG Youxin(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《大连大学学报》2025年第2期60-66,共7页Journal of Dalian University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明代北直隶地方基层社会治理研究”(22BZS056)。

摘　　要：明朝对“一产三男”等多胞胎之家的助养一定程度上有助于缓解百姓哺育多胞胎的压力,提高婴儿成活率。这一助养举措于洪武年间形成并逐渐制度化,在明前期得到有效地推行。至明中后期,随着社会经济发展人口总量增长,受政治环境、人口管理、赋税改革的影响,明中央政府在扶持人口增长方面的态度有明显转变,以助养多胞胎之家所代表的人口增殖政策逐渐衰落。清朝虽承袭了明朝对多胞胎之家的助养政策,但在助养机制的设计上仍存在差异,其中人口总量的增长与赋税体制变革是影响该政策变化的主要原因。Formed in the early years of the Ming Dynasty,the government's supporting multiple births helped alleviate the family pressure and improve baby survival rates to some content.By the middle and later periods,with the economic development and the population increase,and so on,the policy showed a gradual decline.The Qing Dynasty used Ming's supporting multi births policy,but there were differences in Qing's policy design.It is found that the population growth and the tax reform are the main reasons.

关 键 词：明代 多胞胎 “一产三男” 人口增殖 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]