基于COMSOL的轮式起重机车架力学特性分析  

Mechanical characteristics analysis of wheeled crane frame based on COMSOL

作　　者：杨莹 张玲 张波 Yang Ying;Zhang Ling;Zhang Bo

机构地区：[1]陕西省特种设备检验检测研究院,西安710000

出　　处：《起重运输机械》2025年第7期46-51,共6页Hoisting and Conveying Machinery

摘　　要：为了研究轮式起重机车架结构力学特性对整机性能的影响,文中以某轮式起重机车架为研究对象,首先采用SolidWorks软件建立车架三维几何模型;其次在COMSOL有限元软件中对三维模型进行简化,并构建某轮式起重机车架的有限元模型;最后对轮式起重机车架的模态、车架在静态满载状态下的受力与变形情况以及焊缝位置的应力进行分析。分析结果表明:轮式起重机车架纵梁横梁Mises应力范围为0~145 MPa,后轴钢板弹簧后侧吊耳处Mises应力较大为205.2 MPa,车架整体最大Mises应力均小于材料屈服强度;车架最大变形为车架中部位置为1.46 mm,远小于车架长度,经过分析该车架强度以及刚度能满足要求;车架自由模态避开了轮式起重机运行过程中路面激励频率和发动机的怠速频率,车辆正常怠速过程中不会产生低频共振现象。To investigate the influence of the mechanical characteristics of a wheeled crane frame structure on the overall performance of the machine,a three-dimensional geometric model of the crane frame was established using SolidWorks software.Subsequently,the three-dimensional model was simplified in COMSOL finite element software and a finite element model of the wheeled crane frame was built.Finally,the modal analysis of the wheeled crane frame,as well as the stress and deformation of the frame under static full load conditions,were conducted.Additionally,the stress at the weld positions was analyzed.The analysis results indicate that the Mises stress in the longitudinal beam of the wheeled crane frame is between 0 and 145 MPa.Notably,the Mises stress at the rear lug of the rear axle leaf spring is higher,reaching 205.2 MPa.However,the maximum Mises stress across the entire frame remains below the material’s yield strength.The maximum deformation occurs at the midpoint of the frame,measuring 1.46 mm,which is significantly smaller than the frame’s overall length.Based on these findings,the frame’s strength and stiffness are deemed sufficient to meet the required specifications.Furthermore,the free vibration modes of the frame are designed to avoid the excitation frequencies of the road surface and the idling frequencies of the engine during the wheeled crane’s operation.Consequently,low-frequency resonance is unlikely to occur during normal vehicle idling.

关 键 词：轮式起重机 车架 COMSOL 力学特性 模型 

分 类 号：TH213.6[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]