农村人居环境整治污水收集系统比选及3种适用性污水处理工艺分析  

Comparison and Selection of Sewage Collection Systems for Comprehensive Improvement of Rural Environment and Analysis of Three Applicable Sewage Treatment Processes

作　　者：周开智 贺朝凤 王沛 王洪梅 ZHOU Kaizhi;HE Chaofeng;WANG Pei;WANG Hongmei(Shiyan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Department of Ecology and Environment of Hubei Province,Shiyan 442000,China;Yunyang District Environmental Monitoring Station of Shiyan City,Shiyan 442000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省生态环境厅十堰生态环境监测中心,湖北十堰442000 [2]十堰市郧阳区环境监测站,湖北十堰442000

出　　处：《中国沼气》2025年第2期14-20,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：环保部2015年重点饮水工程水源地及沿线集雨区农村环境整治项目(2110402)。

摘　　要：农村生活污水污染已成为影响水环境的重要原因,在水源区尤其明显,但农村的生活污水治理不能简单照搬城市的模式,需要因地制宜选择处理工艺。为此,对污水收集系统、污水处理设施工艺进行了比选,并以南水北调中线工程水源区农村生活污水处理案例,研究了庭院式污水处理系统、人工快渗(CRI)、AOBR工艺3种污水处理模式。实践表明,对于山区分散农户采用院式污水处理系统,对黑水、灰水分类收集处理,既解决了污水随意排放问题,又提高了污水的资源化利用率。对于集中安置点,采用人工快渗一体化处理设施,设施占地小,出水可以稳定达到一级B标准,适合于对出水水质要求高的区域。对于居住相对集中,污水便于收集,有空闲土地的村庄,可采用AOBR工艺,后期维护简单,且不受季节影响,出水能达到一级B标准。可为农村地区开展农村污水治理提供有益借鉴。Rural domestic sewage pollution has become an important reason affecting the water environment,especially in the water source area,but the rural domestic sewage treatment can not simply copy the urban model,the treatment process according to local conditions.For this reason,we compared and selected the sewage collection system and sewage treatment facilities process,and studied the courtyard sewage treatment system,artificial fast infiltration(CRI)and AOBR process in the rural domestic sewage treatment cases in the water source area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion project.The practice shows that the courtyard sewage treatment system is adopted for the scattered farmers in the mountainous areas,and the black water and gray water are collected and treated separately,which solves the problem of sewage discharge at will and improves the utilization rate of sewage resources.For the centralized resettlement sites,the artificial fast infiltration integrated treatment facilities are adopted.The facilities cover a small area,and the effluent can stably reach the level 1 B standard,which is suitable for the areas with high requirements for the effluent water quality.For villages with relatively concentrated living,sewage is easy to collect and idle land,AOBR process can be adopted.The maintenance in the later stage is simple and not affected by the season,and the water output can reach the level B standard.It can provide a useful reference for the development of rural sewage treatment in rural areas.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 污水收集 庭院式污水处理 人工快渗 AOBR工艺 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X703