青海省农作物秸秆资源时空分布及利用现状  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Utilization Status of Crop Straw Resources in Qinghai Province

作　　者：严紫玮 冶丽雅 张建玉 周洪旭 YAN Ziwei;YE Liya;ZHANG Jianyu;ZHOU Hongxu(College of Plant Health and Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment Friendly Agricultural Pest Management/Shandong Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security,China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health,Shandong Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security,China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health,Qingdao 266109,China;Qinghai Province Agricultural and Rural Energy and Resource Protection Technical Guidance Service Center,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Remote Sensing Center for Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Zoning,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院山东省环境友好型农业有害生物防治工程技术研究中心山东省生物入侵与生态安全高校特色实验室中澳作物健康与入侵生物国家科技合作基地,山东青岛266109 [2]青海省农业农村能源与资源保护技术指导服务中心,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省农牧业区划遥感中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《中国沼气》2025年第2期42-48,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：农业生态资源保护(2130135)。

摘　　要：以农作物资源台账系统为基础,通过时间和空间两个维度对近5年来青海省半农半牧条件下秸秆的产生及利用情况进行了调查分析;利用农作物秸秆资源台账系统,统计2018—2023年青海省8个市州粮食作物、油料作物及其他作物的秸秆数据,采用Microsoft Excel对数据进行处理和制图;分析发现2018—2023年青海省农作物秸秆产生量及秸秆可收集量分别由2018年的202.01万t和150.83万t逐渐增长至2020年的284.45万t和251.98万t,随后逐渐下降并保持平稳波动,在2023年青海省农作物秸秆产生量及秸秆可收集量分别为259.17万t和227万t,与2018年相比年均增长率分别为5.11%和8.52%;青海省农作物秸秆产生量及秸秆可收集量主要由粮食作物和油料作物组成,2023年全省各市州小麦秸秆产生量呈现出海东市>西宁市>海南州>海西州>黄南州>海北州>玉树州>果洛州的趋势;马铃薯秸秆产生量呈现出海东市>西宁市>海南州>黄南州>海北州>玉树州>海西州>果洛州的趋势;油菜籽秸秆产生量呈现出海东市>西宁市>海北州>海南州>黄南州>海西州>玉树州>果洛州的趋势。在利用方面,青海省逐渐形成以饲料化和肥料化为主,燃料化、基料化、原料化为辅的利用模式;全省秸秆综合利用率逐年攀升,从2018年77.05%增加到2023年的91.1%;分析发现青海省农作物秸秆产量、秸秆可收集量与粮食产量变化趋势保持一致,且青海省农作物秸秆主要由小麦、马铃薯、油菜组成,主要分布于海东市和西宁市。此外,秸秆综合利用方式主要以饲料化和肥料化为主。Based on the crop resource ledger system,this paper investigated and analyzed the generation and utilization of straw under the conditions of semi-agriculture and semi-animal husbandry in Qinghai Province in the past five years through two dimensions of time and space;The crop straw resource ledger system was used to count the straw data of grain crops,oil crops and other crops in 8 cities and prefectures in Qinghai Province from 2018 to 2023,and Microsoft Excel was used to process and map the data;The analysis showed that from 2018 to 2023,the amount of crop straw produced and the amount of straw that can be collected in Qinghai Province gradually increased from 2020100 tons and 1508300 tons in 2018 to 2844500 tons and 2519800 tons in 2020,and then gradually decreased and maintained stable fluctuations,and the amount of crop straw produced and straw collected in Qinghai Province in 2023 were 2591700 tons and 2270000 tons,respectively.Compared with 2018,the average annual growth rate was 5.11%and 8.52%,respectively;In 2023,the production of wheat straw in Qinghai Province was mainly composed of grain crops and oil crops,and the production of wheat straw in Haidong City>Xining City>Hainan Prefecture>Haixi Prefecture>Huangnan Prefecture>Haibei Prefecture>Yushu Prefecture>Guoluo Prefecture in 2023 showed a trend in Haidong City Xining City Hainan Prefecture Haixi Prefecture Huangnan Prefecture Haibei Prefecture Yushu Prefecture Guoluo Prefecture.The production of potato straw showed a trend in Haidong City>Xining City>Hainan Prefecture>Huangnan Prefecture>Haibei Prefecture>Yushu Prefecture>Haixi Prefecture>Guoluo Prefecture.The production of rapeseed straw showed a trend in Haidong City>Xining City>Haibei Prefecture>Hainan Prefecture>Huangnan Prefecture>Haixi Prefecture>Yushu Prefecture>Guoluo Prefecture.In terms of utilization,Qinghai Province has gradually formed a utilization model based on feed and fertilizer,supplemented by fuel,base material and raw materials;The comprehensive utilization rate of straw in the

关 键 词：农作物秸秆 综合利用 时空分布 利用现状 “五料化”利用 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]