沿边开放与近代云南棉纺织业生产格局的重构  

Opening the Border and Reconstructing the Production Pattern of Yunnan’s Cotton Textile Industry in Early Modern Times

作　　者：张永帅[1] 和乐乐 ZHANG Yongshuai;HE Lele(School of History,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学历史学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期136-144,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“空间视角下近代西南沿边开放与区域经济变迁研究(1889~1945)”(22XZS014)。

摘　　要：近代云南沿边开放后,以往单一的原棉进口,被棉纱、棉花、棉布等多元的棉货进口替代,形成与蒙自、思茅、腾越三海关内外贸易相关联的棉货进口格局。与之相应的是,云南棉纺织业生产格局发生了两方面的深刻变化:一是纺和织的分离成为普遍现象,促进了织布业的繁荣,但在少数地方依然纺、织结合,采用原工艺生产,市场日趋萎缩;二是云南棉纺织业重心发生位移,由原来的滇西地区滇缅交通沿线转移到了滇中、滇东南、滇东北、滇越铁路及其延长线一带,玉溪、通海、昆明等滇中地区成为全省棉织业的中心,曲靖、昭通等滇东北地方棉织业地位也较突出;思茅及其附近的滇南地区,纺和织依然紧密结合,棉织业最为落后。近代云南棉纺织业生产格局的重构与空间特征的形成,受沿边开放——对外贸易发展的推动,是“口岸——腹地”互动作用的结果。After opening the border in Yunnan in early modern times,the previous single import of raw cotton was replaced by a diversified import portfolio of cotton goods such as cotton yarns,untreated cotton and cotton cloth,forming an import pattern of cotton goods that had internal and external trade connections through the three Customs of Mengzi,Simao and Tengyue.Correspondingly,there were two profound changes in the production pattern of the cotton textile industry in Yunnan.First,the separation of spinning and weaving became a commonplace case,which promoted the prosperity of the weaving industry.However,in a few places,the traditional spinning and weaving still coexisted,but the market was gradually shrinking.Second,the center of the cotton textile industry in Yunnan shifted from the areas along the Yunnan-Burma transportation line in western Yunnan to the areas along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and its extended lines in central Yunnan,southeastern Yunnan,and northeastern Yunnan.The places in central Yunnan such as Yuxi,Tonghai and Kunming became the centers of Yunnan’s cotton weaving industry.The status of the cotton weaving industry in such places in northeastern Yunnan as Qujing and Zhaotong was also quite prominent.Some places in southern Yunnan like Simao and its neighboring areas still saw the coexistence of spinning and weaving,but the cotton weaving industry was the most backward.The reconstruction of the production pattern and the formation of the spatial characteristics of the cotton textile industry in early modern Yunnan were promoted by the opening of the border areas and the development of foreign trade,a result of the interactive effects between the trading ports and the hinterlands.

关 键 词：近代云南 沿边开放 棉纺织业 生产格局 经济变迁 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]