典型陇中梁峁沟壑区天然草地植物群落特征及多样性研究  

Study on the Plant Community Structure and Species Diversity of Natural Grasslands in the Typical Loess Hilly and Gully Region of Central Gansu Province

作　　者：王红霞 WANG Hongxia(Forestry Technology Guidance Station in Qin'an County,Qin'an Gansu 741600,China)

机构地区：[1]秦安县林业技术指导站,甘肃秦安741600

出　　处：《甘肃林业科技》2025年第1期39-46,共8页Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：2023年中央财政林业草原改革发展资金项目(2023-07-04-235)。

摘　　要：本文采用样方调查法,通过测定陇中梁峁沟壑区10个样地中植物组成及多样性指数,分析比较不同样地植物群落结构与物种多样性的差异,揭示该地区天然草地植物群落结构及多样性的变化规律。结果表明:1)10个样地共记录到61种植物,隶属24科54属,其中菊科、豆科和禾本科植物分布广泛;群落组成植物以地面芽植物为主,优势种包括华北米蒿、长芒草、白羊草、干生薹草和糙隐子草等。2)各样地Patrick丰富度指数差异显著,Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均较低(p<0.05),Jaccard相似性指数也较低。在陇中梁峁沟壑区天然草地保护和恢复治理过程中,应优先选用白羊草、兴安胡枝子、驴食豆、苜蓿、赖草、长芒草等样地中出现频次和重要值较高的草种,构建近自然植物群落结构,以维持并提高草地植物群落物种多样性。This study utilized the quadrat survey method to analyze the differences in plant community structure and species diversity across 10 sample plots in the loess hill-gully region of central Gansu by investigating plant composition and diversity index.The research revealed the variation patterns of natural grassland plant community structure and diversity in this area.The results indicated:1)A total of 61 plant species belonging to 24 families and 54 genera were recorded,with Asteraceae,Fabaceae,and Poaceae being the most widely distributed families.The plant communities were dominated by hemicryptophytes,and the dominant species included Artemisia giraldii,Stipa bungeana,Bothriochloa ischaemum,Carex aridula,and Cleistogenes squarrosa.2)Significant differences were observed in the Patrick richness index among the plots,while the Simpson diversity index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou evenness index were relatively low(p<0.05),along with a low Jaccard similarity index.The study recommends prioritizing grass species with high frequency and importance values-such as Bothriochloa ischaemum,Lespedeza davurica,Onobrychis viciaefolia,Medicago sativa,Leymus secalinus,and Stipa bungeana-in the conservation and restoration of natural grasslands in this region.Establishing near-natural plant community structures will help maintain and enhance species diversity.

关 键 词：梁峁沟壑区 植物群落 重要值 多样性指数 

分 类 号：S813[农业科学—畜牧学]