县域城镇化视角下易地扶贫搬迁农户的生计变化研究——来自陕西易地扶贫搬迁集中安置社区农户的证据  

Study on the Livelihood Transition of the Poverty Relocated Rural Households from Perspective of County Urbanization:Evidence from the Rural Households in the Resettlement Communities in Shaanxi Province,China

作　　者：黎洁[1] 郭华 田菀茹 Li Jie;Guo Hua;Tian Wanru(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an in Shaanxi,710049)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国乡村振兴学》2024年第2期152-170,共19页Rural Revitalization Studies in China

摘　　要：对于刚摆脱了绝对贫困、迁移至县城、集镇的易地扶贫搬迁农户,分析其生计变化特征与影响因素对于巩固易地扶贫搬迁脱贫成果、接轨新型城镇化建设具有重要意义。基于县域城镇化视角,主要利用课题组2021年在陕西易地扶贫搬迁集中安置社区收集的1200多份搬迁户调查数据,首先分析了搬迁之后农户在迁出地内外的家庭收入来源情况,发现搬迁后农户兼有迁出地务农和异地务工,以及仅异地务工的家庭占比较高,异地务工是调查地搬迁农户搬迁后的主要生计类型。其次,采用状态转移矩阵和多分类Lo-gistic模型,深入探究易地扶贫搬迁集中安置社区搬迁农户的生计变化特征,以及分析政府后续帮扶措施和家庭生计资本对其生计策略变动的影响。状态转移矩阵显示,约60%的农户搬迁前后生计策略并未发生改变,约30%的搬迁农户增加了非农生计活动,仅有约10%的农户增加了农业生计活动。再次,在影响搬迁农户生计策略变动的因素中,政府就业扶持对搬迁农户生计策略向非农方向变化具有显著影响,而政府补贴可以推动农户生计多样化发展。从家庭资本来看,搬迁农户向非农化生计变动受到农户家庭耕地面积与劳动力数量的影响,耕地距安置点距离与迁入地来往亲戚数量均将显著降低农户向非农趋兼业型生计策略变动概率,而家庭物质资本和金融资本分别有利于向非农和农业为基础变动的类型。鉴于此,在“后易地扶贫搬迁”时代下,应发展县域特色经济和特色产业为搬迁农户提供多元化的就地就业机会,并注重提升安置区的基本公共服务和社区治理能力,促进易地扶贫搬迁迁入地县域城镇化发展和搬迁农民市民化,进而巩固易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果。To consolidate the achievement of poverty alleviation and compliance with new urbanization,it is great importance to examine the resettled household’s livelihood transitions of characteristics and factors who get rid of absolute poverty and resettled in country towns.Based on county urbanization,this research utilized survey data from over 1200 resettled households from centralized resettlement communities in Shaanxi in 2021.Firstly,we examine the source of income of resettled households in rural areas as well as within and outside the resettled sites,and find that the majority of resettled households combine farming with other working in other places,and only working in other places are the main type for resettled households.Moreover,drawing on state transition matrix and multinomial logistic to explore in detail the characteristics of livelihood transition,as well as to analyze the impact of follow-up support measures and livelihood capital on their livelihood transition.The results show that:60%of resettled households did not change before and after resettlement.30%increased non-farm livelihood activities,while only 10%increased agricultural livelihood activities.Furthermore,among the factors contributing to the household’s livelihood transition,employment support is a significant factor in changing the livelihood strategy toward non-farm,while government subsidies can assist in complex livelihood portfolios.In terms of household capital,the toward to non-farm livelihoods is influenced by the area of farmland and the number of laborers in the household,and the distance of farmland from the resettlement site and the number of relatives in the resettlement site are beneficial to reduce the probability of changes in non-farm livelihood strategies,while household physical capital and financial capital are beneficial to non-farm-based and farm-based types of changes,respectively.In view of this,in the era of post-resettlement,it should be developing county-specific economies and industries to provide diversifie

关 键 词：易地扶贫搬迁农户 县域城镇化 后续扶持 生计变化 状态转移矩阵 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]