桃芽休眠机制研究进展  

Research Progresss on Dormancy Mechanism of Peach Buds

作　　者：姜新 刘芸 罗瑞鸿[1] 欧智涛[1] 李一伟[1] 邓立宝[1] 王茜[1] 望飞勇[1] JIANG Xin;LIU Yun;Luo RuiHong;OU ZhiTao;LI YiWei;DENG LiBao;WANG Xi;WANG FeiYong(Institute of Horticulture,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2024年第5期330-339,共10页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260746);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM70);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT048);广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026226)。

摘　　要：休眠是落叶果树在遇到不良环境或季节性变化而停止分生组织活动的一种适应性现象,具有重要的生物学意义和潜在的经济价值。芽休眠的研究起步较晚,但随着果树生理学和分子生物学研究的不断深入,芽休眠的生理和遗传机制研究得到了广泛关注。桃作为蔷薇科果树的模式树种,对芽休眠的研究有着一定的代表意义。研究桃芽休眠机制,有助于人工调节休眠及选育不同需冷量的桃新品种,以应对气候变化。本文主要从桃芽休眠的影响因素、生理机制和调控桃芽休眠的MADS-box(DAM)基因等方面归纳总结了近年来有关桃芽休眠方面的研究进展,以期为深入研究桃芽休眠及相关应用提供科学依据。促进桃芽进入休眠状态的主要环境因子是短日照和低温,休眠期长短与品种需冷量高低息息相关,需冷量与萌芽开花呈正相关,即需冷量越低萌芽开花越早,需冷量越高萌芽开花越晚;控制需冷量的主效基因PpDAM6的启动子区的30-bp结构变异与需冷量表型高度相关,30-bp缺失仅存在于低需冷量品种中。长日照使休眠延迟;高温可影响芽休眠相关基因的表达量,从而促进芽休眠的解除。影响桃芽休眠的内部因素主要是植物激素脱落酸、赤霉素以及碳水化合物、蛋白、挥发性物质等代谢物。桃芽中ABA生物合成关键基因PpNCED1和PpNCED2在休眠建立时上调表达,在休眠解除时下调表达,并随着低温的积累而降低;相反,ABA降解基因PpCYP707A2和PpCYP707A3的表达随着低温积累时间的延长呈上升趋势,这2种基因的表达与ABA含量的变化趋势相一致。GA属于萌发促进物质,被认为是调节芽休眠解除的关键激素,活性赤霉素主要有GA1、GA3、GA4。休眠期间ABA含量下降,GA含量升高,ABA/GA比值降低,休眠解除时达到最低,主要由ABA含量下降而引起。碳水化合物、蛋白、挥发性物质等代谢物在调控桃芽的休眠与萌发�Dormancy is an adaptive phenomenon in deciduous fruit trees that stops meristematic activity when encountering adverse environments or seasonal changes,and has important biological significance and potential economic value.The research on bud dormancy started relatively late,but with the continuous in-depth research on the physiology and molecular biology of fruit trees,studies on the physiological and genetic mechanisms of bud dormancy have received extensive attention.As a model tree species in the Rosaceae family,peach has certain representative significance in the study of bud dormancy.The study of the dormancy mechanism on peach bud is helpful to regulate dormancy and select new peach varieties with different cold demand to cope with climate change.This article reviews the research progress on peach bud dormancy in recent years,mainly summarizing the factors affecting peach bud dormancy,physiological mechanism and MADS-box(DAM)gene regulating peach bud dormancy,in order to provide a reference for peach bud dormancy research.The main environmental factors promoting the dormancy of peach buds are short day and low temperature.The length of dormancy is closely related to the cold amount demand of varieties,which is positively correlated with germination and flowering,that is,the lower the cold amount demand,the earlier the germination and flowering,and the higher the cold amount demand,the later the germination and flowering.The 30-bp structural variation in the promoter region of the main controlling gene PpDAM6 is highly associated with the cold demand phenotype,and 30-bp deletion exists only in the low cold demand varieties.Long days delays dormancy;high temperature can affect the expression level of genes involved in bud dormancy,thus promoting to remove bud dormancy.The main internal factors are the plant hormones abscisic acid,gibberellin,and metabolites such as carbohydrates,proteins,and volatile substances.The internal factors affecting peach bud dormancy are the plant hormones abscisic acid,gibberellin

关 键 词：桃 休眠 需冷量 DAM基因 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]