“甜玉米-菜心”轮作的效益及其对黄曲条跳甲成虫取食的影响  

Benefit and Impact on the Feeding of Adult Phyllotreta striolata from Sweet Corn-Flowering Chinese Cabbage Rotation

作　　者：李思洁 李昊 蒲小明[2] 张乾明珠 侯盛恩 白豫博 杨祁云[2] 林壁润[2] 郑奕雄 LI Sijie;LI Hao;PU XiaoMing;ZHANGQIAN MingZhu;HOU ShengEn;BAI YuBo;YANG QiYun;LIN BiRun;ZHENG YiXiong(College of Agriculture and Biology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510225,China;Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of South China Fruits and Vegetables,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of New Technology for Plant Protection in Guangdong Province,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative Green Agricultural Products Production and Supply Base Operating Company,Huizhou,Guangdong 516166,China;Guangzhou Yinong Biochemical Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510800,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院,广东广州510225 [2]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]广东供销绿色农产品生产供应基地运营公司,广东惠州516166 [4]广州市益农生化有限公司,广东广州510800

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2024年第5期402-414,共13页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2024E04J1259);广东省现代农业产业绿色发展共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目(2023KJ112);博罗蔬菜产业园科技支撑项目(2022—2023)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了克服蔬菜连作障碍问题,积极推广“甜玉米-菜心”轮作栽培模式,本研究探讨该轮作模式生态、经济效益及其对主要虫害的控制作用,为充分发挥该轮作栽培模式的优势提供参考。【方法】在广东省惠州市博罗县3个轮作菜场与3个连作菜场开展种植模式、种植品种、施药施肥、产量效益等方面的调查,并调查轮作菜场与非轮作菜场内首茬菜心黄曲条跳甲为害情况的差异;同时测定不同有机溶剂提取的甜玉米根及根际土提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫取食的影响,采用陷阱实验进行驱避活性验证。【结果】比较轮作和连作菜场种植效益和减肥减药效果发现:轮作菜场的年平均利润为31700元/hm^(2),比连作菜场利润增加2545元/hm^(2),提高8.73%;轮作菜场比连作菜场的复合肥施肥量和农药制剂使用量均显著减少,平均减少率分别为61.15%和41.29%;轮作菜场第一茬菜心黄曲条跳甲的日为害孔洞数相对于连作蔬菜地减少了80.37%。甜玉米根系和根际土提取物活性测试结果表明:根际土的石油醚提取物(1.63 mg/L)和根的无水乙醇提取物(2.10 mg/L)对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有较强的拒食驱避效果,拒食率分别为54.5%和56.6%。陷阱实验结果表明:1.63 mg/L根际土石油醚提取物处理后的驱避率为78.3%,驱避效果最优。【结论】“甜玉米-菜心”轮作模式可实现提质增效和减肥减药,并对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有驱避作用。【Objective】To overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping of vegetables and actively promote the rotation cultivation model of sweet corn-flowering Chinese cabbage,the present study investigated the ecological and economic benefits and control effect on major pests from this rotation model,so to provide a reference to fully leverage the advantages of this rotation cultivation model.【Method】Investigations were conducted in 3 rotation and 3 continuous cropping vegetable fields in Boluo County,Huizhou City,Guangdong Province,regarding planting patterns,varieties,pesticide and fertilizer application,and yield benefits.Differences in Phyllotreta striolata infestation were also investigated between the first crop of flowering Chinese cabbage in rotation and nonrotation vegetable fields.Additionally,the effects of the extracts from sweet corn roots and rhizosphere soil with different polar solvents on the feeding of adult P.striolata were determined,and trap experiments were conducted to verify the repellent activity.【Result】Comparing the planting benefits and effects of fertilizer and pesticide reduction in rotation vegetable fields with that in continuous cropping vegetable fields,it was found that the annual average profit in rotation cropping was 31700 yuan/hm^(2),which increased profits by 2545 yuan/hm^(2)or 8.73%compared to continuous cropping.The application amounts of compound fertilizer and pesticide formulations were significantly lower in rotation fields than in continuous cropping fields,with average reduction rates of 61.15%and 41.29%,respectively.The daily number of damaged holes caused by P.striolata in the first crop of flowering Chinese cabbage in rotation fields was reduced by 80.37%compared to that in continuous cropping fields.The test results of the activity of extracts from sweet corn roots and rhizosphere soil showed that the petroleum ether extract of rhizosphere soil(1.63 mg/L)and the absolute ethanol extract of roots(2.10 mg/L)had strong antifeedant and repellent effects on adult

关 键 词：“甜玉米-菜心”轮作模式 连作障碍 减肥减药 经济效益 黄曲条跳甲 

分 类 号：S252.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]