西方马克思主义技术批判的历史谱系学探赜  

Exploring the Historical Genealogy of Western Marxist Critique of Technology

作　　者：蓝江[1] LAN Jiang(School of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《贵州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期1-10,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济视阈下马克思主义劳动价值论的深层内涵”(023BSK017)。

摘　　要：对当代数字技术和智能技术的理解和批判,我们不能从孤立的立场来理解,因此,我们需要回溯到整个西方马克思主义在技术批判发展的历史谱系学中,才能更有效地对当代数字技术和智能技术施加于社会的影响和效果,进行更仔细的甄别。德国法兰克福学派基于一种工具理性批判和反进步的立场,将技术的发展视为一种资产阶级控制和统治工具,因此他们采用的立场是去增长和反进步。而法国的西蒙东、拉图尔、斯蒂格勒将人与技术物结合作为人类思考和批判技术的主要路径,技术物成为人的代具和外器官。意大利工人主义肇始于福特生产流水线,他们通过阅读马克思的“机器论片段”,将马克思的一般智力概念作为他们技术批判的主要范畴,同时认为在一般智力下形成的诸众是反抗资产阶级技术统治的主体,但同为意大利工人主义的思想家拉扎拉托认为诸众概念并没有真正完成塑造技术环境下的主体性的任务。无论如何,通过阅读不同西方马克思主义技术批判流派的观点,立足于今天的中国式现代化,思考我们究竟如何发展人与技术物、与技术环境,乃至整个技术生态之间的辩证关系。We cannot understand and criticize contemporary digital and intelligent technologies from an isolated standpoint;therefore,we need to date back to the historical genealogy of the development of the critique of technology in Western Marxism as a whole,in order to more effectively and more carefully scrutinize the impacts and effects exerted by contemporary digital and intelligent technologies on society.The German Frankfurt School,based on an instrumental rationality critical and anti-progress stance,viewed technological development as a bourgeois tool of control and domination,and thus they adopted a de-growth and anti-progress stance.In contrast,the French Simondon,Latour,and Stiegler used the combination of human and technological objects as the main path for human beings to think about and criticize technology,with the technological object becoming the surrogate and external organ of the human being.Italian workerism,which began with the Ford production line,read Marx’s“Fragments of Machine Theory”and took Marx’s concept of the general intellect as the main category of their technological critique,and at the same time believed that the multitude formed under the general intellect was the main body of resistance against the bourgeoisie’s technological domination,but Lazzarato,who was also an ideologue of Italian workerism,argues that the concept of the multitude does not really fulfill the task of shaping subjectivity in a technological context.In any case,by reading the perspectives of different Western Marxist schools of technology critique,and based on today’s Chinese-style modernization,it is important to think about how we can actually develop the dialectical relationship between human beings and technological objects,and the technological environment,and even the technological ecology as a whole.

关 键 词：西方马克思主义 技术批判 工具理性 新主体性 技术物 器官学 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论] A81