“侦鉴合一”机制的困境与完善路径  

Challenges and Improvement Paths for the“Integration of Investigation and Appraisal”Mechanism

作　　者：张品泽[1] 宁馨 ZHANG Pinze;NING Xin(School of Law,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing,China,100038)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《贵州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期76-85,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目重点课题“警察办理精神病人案件CIT模式研究”(19SFB1006)。

摘　　要：“侦鉴合一”机制在满足侦查工作及时性、保密性的同时,充分发挥了侦查机关内设鉴定机构的资源优势。“侦鉴合一”机制的形成,既受到司法鉴定体制域外借鉴经验的历史因素影响,又与刑事诉讼中有关鉴定的立法因素密切相关,同时受到侦查工作及时性、保密性需求的现实驱动。一系列法律法规确立了“侦鉴合一”机制的组织框架、鉴定流程以及监督评估体系。面对“侦鉴合一”机制运行中产生的现实困境,立法层面建议增加鉴定人回避规则并明确附随后果,完善告知内容并赋予当事人重新鉴定的救济途径。同时,应当使内设鉴定机构平行于刑事侦查部门,并明确责任追究标准,完善责任追究救济程序,从而进一步加强侦查内设鉴定机构的中立性,为鉴定结果的准确性及科学性提供有力保障。The“Integration of Investigation and Appraisal”mechanism,while ensuring the timeliness and confidentiality of investigative work,fully utilizes the resource advantages of appraisal institutions within investigative agencies.The formation of the“Integration of Investigation and Appraisal”mechanism is influenced by historical factors of drawing experiences from outside the judicial appraisal system and closely related to legislative factors concerning appraisals in criminal litigation,driven by the actual needs for timely and confidential investigations.Several laws and regulations establish the organizational framework,appraisal procedures,and supervisory evaluation system of this mechanism.Faced with practical challenges arising from the operation of the mechanism,legislative recommendations suggest introducing rules for the avoidance of appraisers and specifying accompanying consequences,improving the notification content,and providing a remedy for parties to request re-appraisals.Furthermore,internal appraisal institutions should be placed parallel to criminal investigation departments,and standards for accountability should be clarified,along with enhancing the accountability remedy procedure to further strengthen the neutrality of internal appraisal institutions,providing robust safeguards for the accuracy and rationality of appraisal results.

关 键 词：侦鉴合一 司法鉴定 中立性 刑事侦查 刑事诉讼 

分 类 号：D631.2[政治法律—政治学] D915.13[政治法律—中外政治制度]