《追忆似水年华》中的犹太问题书写:在显性与隐性之间  

Writing about Jewish Issues in In Search of Lost Time:Between Exoteric and Esoteric

作　　者：梁亚波 LIANG Yabo

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学法语系

出　　处：《法语国家与地区研究(中法文)》2025年第2期67-80,共14页Etudes Francophones

摘　　要：无论对于作家马塞尔·普鲁斯特还是对于其代表作《追忆似水年华》,犹太问题都极为重要。犹太身份是普鲁斯特终生纠结的、构成其敏感脆弱性格特征的一个关键原因。一方面,他在现实中极力避免与反犹主义者发生正面冲突;另一方面,在《追忆似水年华》的文学世界中,他有意识地采用了一种独特的写作手法:在显性层面充当巴尔扎克式的社会历史记录者,忠实呈现19、20世纪之交法国社会对犹太人的偏见,而在隐性层面隐晦地表达自己的立场与观点,暗示犹太民族应放弃被主流社会同化的幻想,进而希望唤醒犹太人的民族意识。这种显性与隐性共存的写作方式,既是普鲁斯特对犹太民族命运的思考,也是他对自身犹太身份的一种认同过程。For both the writer Marcel Proust and his masterpiece In Search of Lost Time,the Jewish question is extremely important.His Jewish identity was a key reason for Proust’s lifelong inner conflict,constituting a crucial aspect of his sensitive and fragile character.On the one hand,he tried his best to avoid confrontation with anti-Semites;on the other hand,in the literary world of In Search of Lost Time,Proust consciously adopted a unique writing technique:on the exoteric level,he served as an explicit social historian akin to Balzac,faithfully portraying the prejudices of French society towards Jews at the turn of the twentieth century while,on the esoteric level,he subtly expressed his own view that the Jewish people should give up the fantasy of being assimilated by mainstream society in the hope of awakening a Jewish national consciousness.This coexistence of exoteric and esoteric writing not only ingeniously conveys Proust’s reflections on the destiny of the Jewish people but also serves as a means to detach himself from the real world and utilize art to express his emotions toward the Jewish people.

关 键 词：《追忆似水年华》 普鲁斯特 犹太问题 显性写作 隐性写作 

分 类 号：I3[文学—其他各国文学]