19世纪末20世纪初俄国经济重心南移探究——兼论俄国现代化成就  

Analysis on the Shift of Russia's Economic Center to the South in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries——also on Russia's Modernization Achievements

作　　者：邓沛勇[1,2] 张恩祥 Deng Peiyong;Zhang Enxiang

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院暨历史研究院 [2]贵州师范大学“一带一路”沿线国家历史与文化研究中心 [3]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2025年第2期106-136,共31页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：2023年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“俄国现代化研究”(项目批准号:23FSSB004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪下半叶,俄国经济重心逐渐南移,这一过程受到政府政策扶持、资源禀赋以及农奴制生产关系薄弱等诸多因素的影响。农业生产中心率先南移,南部地区成为全国最大的商品粮基地,其粮食不仅销往国内其他地区,还大量出口国际市场。1861年农奴制改革后,俄国工业化进程开启,巴库石油、顿涅茨克冶金和煤炭工业相继崛起,南俄成为俄国最大的工业基地。与此同时,南俄经济发展也推动了贸易中心南移,黑海、亚速海和里海等地的货流量显著增加,各口岸贸易均蓬勃发展。俄国经济重心南移产生了深远影响。首先,农业现代化取得显著成就;其次,直接推动了俄国现代化,尤其是工业化。在工业化的带动下,城市化和交通运输现代化进程也随之开启,从而进一步促进了俄国经济的全面发展。In the second half of the 19th century,Russia's economic center gradually shifted to the south.This process was influenced by many factors,including government policy support,resource endowment,and weak serfdom production relations.The agricultural production center moved south first,and the southern region became the country's largest commercial grain base.Its grain was not only sold to other parts of the country,but also exported in large quantities to the international market.After the serfdom reform in 1861,Russia's industrialization process began.Baku's oil,Donetsk's metallurgy and coal industries rose one after another,and the southern Russian region became Russia's largest industrial base.Simultaneously,the economic development of the southern region promoted the shift of the trade center to the south.The cargo flow in the Black Sea,the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea increased significantly,and trade at various related ports flourished.The shift of Russia's economic center to the south had a far-reaching impact.First,agricultural modernization achieved remarkable results;second,it directly promoted Russia's modernization,especially industrialization.Driven by industrialization,the process of urbanization and transportation modernization also began,leading to the comprehensive development of Russia's economy.

关 键 词：俄国 南俄 经济重心南移 现代化 

分 类 号：K512.4[历史地理—历史学]