基于施肥模型的有机肥等氮替代化肥对水稻产量与经济效益的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer as Nitrogen Substitute for Chemical Fertilizers on Rice Yield and Economic Benefits Based on Fertilization Models

作　　者：王政 章安康[1] 李卫红 王宏宝[1] 冯素明 陈敏 WANG Zheng;ZHANG Ankang;LI Weihong;WANG Hongbao;FENG Suming;CHEN Min(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223000,China;Jiangsu Lianshui County Cultivated Land Quality Protection Station,Lianshui,Jiangsu 223400,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223000 [2]江苏省涟水县耕地质量保护站,江苏涟水223400

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2025年第1期77-83,共7页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业农村厅中央农业经营主体能力提升专项(2024-ZYXT-07);亚服科技服务项目[KF(24)1217];淮安市科技局项目(HAN202306)。

摘　　要：为提高农业生产效率、降低环境负担及探索化肥替代施用模式,以水稻品种宁香粳9号为试验材料,通过田间试验结合肥料效应函数模型,评估不同有机肥替代比例对水稻产量、经济效益及生长特性的影响,并通过模型拟合确定最佳替代比例及效益。研究表明,有机肥替代20%化学氮肥(T2处理),可显著提高水稻株高、有效穗数、穗粒数及理论产量,并实现最佳的经济效益,净增收益达到1076元·hm^(-2)。相比之下,纯有机肥处理(CF)因养分供给不足,水稻产量和经济效益方面均表现较差。通过肥料效应函数模型拟合,预测最佳经济有机肥施用比为14.1%,届时最大利润为8635元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,有机肥适度替代化肥(13.6%~14.1%)可在实现水稻高产的同时提升经济效益,并显著减少化肥施用带来的环境负担,为涟水县及类似稻作区推广高效环保的施肥模式提供了科学依据。To enhance agricultural productivity,reduce environmental burdens,and explore alternative fertilization practices,this study employed rice variety Ningxiangjing 9 as the experimental material.Field experiments integrated with a fertilizer response function model were conducted to assess the impacts of varying organic fertilizer substitution ratios on rice yield,economic benefits,and growth characteristics.The optimal substitution ratio and benefits were determined through model fitting.The results demonstrated that substituting 20%of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T2 treatment)significantly improved rice plant height,effective panicle,grain per panicle,and theoretical yield,achieving the highest economic benefits with a net income increase of 1076 yuan per hectare.In contrast,the pure organic fertilizer treatment(CF)exhibited poor performance in both yield and economic benefits due to insufficient nutrient supply.The fertilizer response function model predicted an optimal economic organic fertilizer substitution ratio of 14.1%,with a maximum profit of 8635 yuan per hectare.In conclusion,moderate substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer(13.6%-14.1%)can achieve high rice yields while enhancing economic benefits and significantly reducing the environmental impact of chemical fertilizer use.This study provides a scientific basis for promoting efficient and environmentally friendly fertilization practices in Lianshui County and similar rice-growing regions.

关 键 词：有机肥 水稻 等氮替代 经济效益 施肥模型 

分 类 号：S14-33[农业科学—肥料学]