脱氢聚合制备极性高分子材料研究进展  

Progress in the Preparation of Polar Polymer Materials via Dehydrogenative Polymerization

作　　者：陈丽[1] 李琳[1] 饶艺伟 杨维冉 简忠保[2] 姚昌广 Li Chen;Lin Li;Yi-wei Rao;Wei-ran Yang;Zhong-bao Jian;Chang-guang Yao(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031;State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学化学化工学院,南昌330031 [2]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《高分子学报》2025年第4期551-563,共13页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号22061027,22261034);江西省杰出青年科学基金(基金号20232ACB213008);高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室开放课题基金(基金号PPCL2023-21)资助.

摘　　要：随着环保意识的提高,人们越来越注重材料制备过程的原子经济性和步骤经济性.聚酰胺、聚酯和聚脲作为合成高分子材料,具有优异的力学性能、化学稳定性和热稳定性,能满足不同领域的使用需求.脱氢偶联能将伯醇转化为醛中间体,它进一步与胺和醇反应生成酰胺、酯和脲等化合物;该反应避免了繁琐的底物合成和羧酸及其衍生物的使用,具有反应条件温和、选择性高和原子经济性等优点,在有机合成方面已经取得显著进展.然而,将醇的脱氢偶联应用到高分子制备方面的研究还相对较少.本文系统介绍了近年来脱氢聚合在聚酰胺、聚酯和聚脲制备方面的研究进展.首先简述了这三类聚合物的独特性能及其在工业生产和日常生活中的广泛应用,并指出了传统制备方法的局限性;通过对比分析,突显了脱氢聚合在制备极性高分子材料方面的显著优势.其次,详细讨论了用于脱氢聚合的各种催化剂及其反应机理.最后,对脱氢聚合技术在极性高分子材料制备领域的发展趋势进行了展望.With the improvement of environmental awareness,people pay more and more attention to the atomic economy and step economy of the material preparation process.Synthetic polymeric materials such as polyamide,polyester,and polyurea with excellent mechanical properties,chemical resistance,and thermal stability,can meet the needs of materials in different fields.Dehydrogenative coupling reactions can convert primary alcohols into aldehyde intermediates,which react in situ with amines and alcohols to form amides,esters,and ureas.This kind of reaction avoids the cumbersome substrate synthesis and the utilization of carboxylic acids and their derivatives.It has the advantages of mild reaction conditions,high selectivity and atomic economy,and has made significant progress in organic synthesis.However,relatively few studies exist on applying this distinctive coupling reaction for polymer preparation.In this review,we focus on recent advances in using dehydrogenative polymerization to prepare polyamides,polyesters,and polyureas.Initially,we introduced the unique properties of these three types of polymers and their widespread applications in industrial production and daily life,while also pointing out the limitations of traditional synthetic methods.Through comparison,we highlighted the significant advantages of dehydrogenative polymerization in the preparation of polar polymer materials.Subsequently,we summarized various transition-metal catalysts used in dehydrogenative polymerization and their catalytic mechanisms.Finally,we discussed the prospective development directions of dehydrogenative polymerization technology in the field of preparing polar polymer materials.

关 键 词：脱氢聚合 聚酰胺 聚酯 聚脲 金属配合物 

分 类 号：O631.3[理学—高分子化学]