耐低温水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的分子设计及性能研究  

Molecular Design and Performance of a Low-Temperature Resistant and Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesive

作　　者：史翔 张艳朋 张燕 闫旭焕 王中丽 耿建新 Xiang Shi;Yan-peng Zhang;Yan Zhang;Xu-huan Yan;Zhong-li Wang;Jian-xin Geng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,TianGong University,Tianjin 300387;Beijing Perfect-Protection Technology Incorporated,Beijing 102599)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]北京普凡防护科技股份有限公司,北京102599

出　　处：《高分子学报》2025年第4期644-652,共9页Acta Polymerica Sinica

摘　　要：针对太空技术、极地考察等高科技领域发展的需求,研究在低温环境下具有良好粘接性能的绿色胶黏剂具有重要意义.水性聚氨酯(WPU)胶黏剂以水为分散剂,是一种极具潜力的绿色胶黏剂材料.然而,目前针对WPU胶黏剂耐低温性能的研究仍较为缺乏.本文以聚丙二醇(PPG)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为主要合成原料、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂、乙二胺(EDA)为小分子后扩链剂,通过调控DMPA质量分数和异氰酸根与羟基的初始摩尔数比值,制备了一系列具有玻璃化转变温度(T_(g))的WPU胶黏剂,并重点对T_(g)的调控及其与T剥离强度的关系进行了研究,获得了具有优异耐低温性能的WPU胶黏剂.所得该胶黏剂的T_(g)最低可达-35℃,以芳纶机织布为基材测得的T剥离强度达到2.69N/mm.相应胶条的断裂强度可达5.51MPa,弹性模量可达296.64MPa,断裂伸长率可达504%,体现出优异的机械柔性和韧性.相关结果对新型耐低温绿色胶黏剂材料的研发及其在相关领域的应用具有重要的参考价值.With the rapid development of high-tech fields such as space technology and polar expeditions,the study of green adhesives that maintain good bonding performance in low-temperature environments has become an important research direction.Waterborne polyurethane(WPU)adhesives,which utilize water as a dispersant,show great potential as eco-friendly adhesive materials.However,the research on the low-temperature performance of WPU adhesives remains limited.In this study,a type of WPU adhesives with good performance at low temperatures were obtained using polypropylene glycol(PPG)and isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI)as the main raw materials,dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA)as a hydrophilic chain extender,and ethylenediamine(EDA)as a small molecular chain extender.A series of WPU adhesives with different formulations were prepared by adjusting the mass fraction of DMPA and the initial molar ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups.The study focused on investigating their glass transition temperature(T_(g))and T-peel strength to obtain a WPU adhesive that has excellent low-temperature performance.The T_(g) of the adhesive was down to−35℃,and the T-peel strength measured by using aramid woven fabric as the substrate was 2.69 N/mm.The adhesive strips also exhibited outstanding mechanical properties,for example,a tensile strength of up to 5.51 MPa,an elastic modulus of 296.64 MPa,and an elongation of 504%at break.These results achieved in this research significantly contribute to the development of novel low-temperature-resistant green adhesive materials and their applications in the related fields.

关 键 词：水性聚氨酯 胶黏剂 耐低温性能 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ433.4[化学工程] TQ433