美国干热岩大斜度定向井关键技术与应用  

Key Technology and Application of Highly Deviated Directional Well Drilling in Hot Dry Rock in USA

作　　者：李宽[1] 施山山 张恒春[1] 吴纪修[1] 王文 LI Kuan;SHI Shanshan;ZHANG Hengchun;WU Jixiu;WANG Wen(The Institute of Exploration Techniques,CAGS,Langfang,Hebei 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所,河北省廊坊市065000

出　　处：《钻采工艺》2025年第2期66-73,共8页Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“紧缺战略性矿产高效勘查智能化钻探技术支撑”(编号:DD20240121)。

摘　　要：由美国能源部主导的FORGE项目在Milford场地部署的第一口大斜度定向井16A(78)-32井,由于花岗岩地层致密坚硬、井底温度高、井壁稳定性差等问题,定制了硬岩PDC钻头,该钻头从切削齿、切削深度控制组件、喷嘴等方面进行了优化,并结合机械比能优化钻井技术,在花岗岩地层中机械钻速达到16 m/h、单只钻头进尺330 m以上,显著提高了钻井机械钻速和钻头寿命;使用蒸发冷却式钻井液冷却装备将井底循环温度控制在135℃以内,改善井下工具工作环境;采用机械式垂直钻井工具、XBOLT双信道随钻测量仪器等测控仪器与工具,控制实钻井眼轨迹严格参照设计轨道执行;并综合采用防堵塞取心、钻柱减阻降扭等技术手段,达到花岗岩地层机械钻速大于8 m/h、单只钻头进尺超过200 m的经济指标,钻井周期缩短近60%。Well 16A(78)-32 is the first highly deviated directional well deployed by the FORGE project at the Milford site.It faces issues such as dense and hard strata,high bottom hole temperature,and poor wellbore stability.To address these challenges,the customized hard rock PDC bit was designed and developed from aspects such as cutter,cutting depth control components and nozzles.The MSE optimized drilling technology was adopted,significantly increasing the rate of penetration(over 16 m/h)and bit footage(over 330 m in one trip).An cooling equipment using evaporative cooling drilling fluid was adopted to keep the bottom hole circulating temperature within 135℃,improving the working environment for downhole tools.The mechanical vertical drilling tool,XBOLT dual-channel measurement-while-drilling instrument,and other measurement and control instruments and tools were employed to precisely control the wellbore trajectory,which was in close consistent with the designed track.By comprehensively applying technologies such as jam mitigation coring,drag and torque reduction of the drill string,the economic indicators of a rate of penetration greater than 8 m/h and a bit footage exceeding 200 m in one trip in the granite formation were achieved,which shortening the drilling cycle by nearly 60%.

关 键 词：干热岩 硬岩PDC钻头 钻井液冷却 井眼轨迹测控 机械比能优化钻井 防堵塞取心系统 

分 类 号：TE242[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]