吐蕃统治敦煌时期系列幡画像研究  

Some Remarks on the Series of Silk Banner Paintings from the Tibetan Ruled Dunhuang during the Tubo Period

作　　者：夏吾卡先[1] 次珍[2] Shawo Khacham;Tsedron(Institute of the Community for the Chinese Nation;School of Art,Tibet University,Lhasa,Tibet 850000)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学中华民族共同体研究院,西藏拉萨850000 [2]西藏大学艺术学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《西藏大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期21-32,共12页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2023年度西藏自治区哲学社会科学界联合会“揭榜挂帅”重大课题项目“考古视域中的西藏与祖国关系史研究”阶段性成果,项目号:23XZLJBGS03。

摘　　要：斯坦因从敦煌藏经洞带走的文物中有一套幡画像,总共10幅,目前分别藏于大英博物馆和新德里国家博物馆。由于其艺术风格独特,并且保存完整,部分附带名号题记,历来被视作吐蕃统治敦煌时期最具代表性的绘画艺术品。自斯坦因于上世纪初刊布其基础信息和部分图像资料以来,20余位海内外专家学者先后对部分画像引用研究,但因原考古报告与多幅现存资料存在差异,大多菩萨的身份、组合关系及年代甚至于艺术风格尚未形成一致看法。针对以上问题,笔者数次前往大英博物馆实地观察吐蕃绢画,详细梳理学术史,在首次调取斯坦因珍藏图像资料的基础上,再次确认该系列幡画像为大体一致的双面像。但由于早年采集的图像面和后期修复加固面存在差异,因此早晚画面并不一致。系列幡画像可能为八大菩萨和日光、月光菩萨为组合的十大菩萨,绘制年代为8世纪末。其艺术风格在继承吐蕃腹地流行的南亚艺术传统的基础上,装帧等融合了当地因素,系吐蕃乃至吐蕃统治敦煌时期绘画的代表作。Among the cultural relics taken from Mogao Cave 17 at Dunhuang by Marc Aurel Stein is a set of 10 silk banner paintings currently collected in the British Museum and the National Museum in New Delhi.Due to their well-preserved condition,unique artistic style,and including names and inscriptions,the silk banner paintings have always been regarded as one of the most representative paintings of the Tibetan ruled Dunhuang.Since Marc Aurel Stein published his archaeological records and some images at the beginning of the last century,more than 20 experts and scholars at home and abroad have studied some of the silk banner paintings,but,due to discrepancies between the original archaeological reports and the existing materials,they have not reached consensus on the identities of the Bodhisattvas,their combinations,their artistic styles and the period they belong to.In response to the above questions,the author observed some of them in site in the British Museum,investigated the original images,and confirmed that the set of the silk banners were double-sided paintings.However,differences between the early collected images and the later restored ones result in inconsistencies between the early and late paintings.After a further analysis of their identities and combinations,we believe they are Eight Bodhisattvas,Suryaprabha and Candraprabha,and their drawing date is the end of the 8th century.Their artistic style,while inheriting the South Asian artistic traditions popular in the Tibetan heartland,incorporates local elements in aspects such as framing,making them representative works of the Tibetan painting during the period of Tibetan ruling over Dunhuang.

关 键 词：吐蕃 幡画像 斯坦因 风格 

分 类 号：K879.49[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]