基于有限元模型的轮胎胎体变形研究  

Research on Tire Carcass Deformation Based on Finite Element Model

作　　者：杨文豪 卢荡[1] 卢磊 尹珩沣 王晓凡 Yang Wenhao;Lu Dang;Lu Lei;Yin Hengfeng;Wang Xiaofan(Jilin University,National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics,Changchun 130012;China FAW Group Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130013)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,汽车底盘集成与仿生全国重点实验室,长春130012 [2]中国第一汽车股份有限公司,长春130013

出　　处：《汽车工程》2025年第3期551-564,共14页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52172366,51775224)资助。

摘　　要：轮胎胎体变形的准确获取对理论模型仿真精度具有至关重要的影响,因此通过梁胎体模型和有限元模型研究了不同帘线的变形规律和表达精度。首先建立了考虑梁胎体柔性变形特征的详细理论模型,得到轮胎侧偏刚度和纵滑刚度表达式;其次,建立轮胎有限元模型,并准确获取橡胶和帘线材料参数,完成仿真结果与试验数据的对比验证。在此基础上,建立胎面分布刚度各向同性的光面胎有限元模型,进行侧向刚度和扭转刚度以及稳态滑移刚度仿真,获取侧向力和回正力矩作用下的胎体侧向变形,并验证不同帘线的侧向变形叠加原理;然后,根据建立的梁胎体模型对不同帘线的侧向变形进行拟合;最后,结合胎体弯曲刚度和滑移刚度模型,对比和验证通过不同帘线得到的胎面分布刚度。结果表明:轮胎不同帘线均符合变形叠加原理;梁胎体模型对帘线的侧向变形具有较好的表达精度;弯曲刚度随载荷的增大出现非线性下降的趋势,且不同帘线大载荷时相差较小;轮胎不同帘线得到的胎面分布刚度计算精度不同,冠带帘线计算精度最低为93.6%,胎体2帘线计算精度最高为97.3%。该研究明确了理论模型中梁胎体模型的研究位置,提高了理论模型的仿真精度,为轮胎动力学研究提供一定的参考。The accurate acquisition of tire body deformation has a crucial influence on the simulation accuracy of theoretical model,so the deformation rules and expression accuracy of different cord are studied by beam body model and finite element model.Firstly,a detailed theoretical model considering the flexible deformation characteristics of the beam carcass is established,and the expressions of tire cornering stiffness and driving/braking stiffness are obtained.Secondly,the tire finite element model is established,and the tire rubber and cord material parameters are accurately obtained to complete the comparison between the simulation results and the test data.On this basis,the finite element model of smooth tire with isotropic tread stiffness distribution is established,and the lateral stiffness,torsional stiffness and steady-state glide stiffness are simulated to obtain the lateral deformation of the tire under the action of lateral force and aligning moment,and the superposition principle of lateral deformation of different cord lines is verified.Then,the lateral deformation of different cord lines is fitted according to the established beam matrix model.Finally,the tread stiffness obtained by different cord lines is compared and verified by combining the flexural stiffness and slip stiffness models.The results show that the principle of deformation superposition is satisfied for different tire cord.The beam matrix model has a better expression precision for the lateral deformation of cord.The bending stiffness of cord shows a nonlinear decreasing trend with the increase of load,and the difference is small under large load.The calculation accuracy of tread stiffness obtained by different cord positions is different.The calculation accuracy of crown cord is the lowest at 93.6%,and the calculation accuracy of body 2 cord is the highest at 97.3%.The research position of the beam body model in the theoretical model is clarified in the study,improving the simulation accuracy of the theoretical model,and providing the re

关 键 词：轮胎动力学 有限元模型 梁胎体模型 胎体侧向变形 胎面分布刚度 

分 类 号：U463.341[机械工程—车辆工程]