运行参数和抑制因子影响厌氧氨氧化菌的作用机制  

Mechanisms of operating parameters and inhibitory factor affecting Anammox bacteria

作　　者：张烤明 邓岳鹏 邹杰 刘志泉 胡春 王铸 ZHANG Kaoming;DENG Yuepeng;ZOU Jie;LIU Zhiquan;HU Chun;WANG Zhu(Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta,Ministry of Education,Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学大湾区环境研究院,珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《工业水处理》2025年第4期37-47,共11页Industrial Water Treatment

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515012324);广州市科技计划项目(2023A03J0082);广州大学研究生基础创新项目(2022GDJC-M45)。

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺在高氨氮废水处理领域展现了独特的优势和良好的应用前景。然而,Anammox菌对多种环境条件敏感且易受各类污染物抑制,严重制约了Anammox工艺的推广应用。综述了多种工艺运行参数和抑制因子对Anammox菌的影响及其作用机制,以期为Anammox工艺的后续研究和工程应用提供参考。总体上,pH对Anammox菌生长和代谢的直接影响以及pH变化带来的游离基质毒性抑制不容忽视,冷休克蛋白则可以一定程度上消除低温对Anammox菌的负面影响。此外,不同的Anammox菌具有多种策略耐受自然和工程生态系统中的氧气。低浓度的有机物有助于Anammox菌与异养菌形成稳定的协同作用,合成或转运相容性物质或摄入盐分的方式是Anammox菌适应盐度胁迫的主要机制,低浓度的重金属离子刺激Anammox菌分泌大量的胞外聚合物抵御胁迫,且Anammox菌产生的大部分能量被用于去除胞内的金属离子。Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox)process has demonstrated exceptional advantages and promising application prospects in the field of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment.However,Anammox bacteria are highly sensitive to a diverse range of environmental conditions and susceptible to inhibition caused by various types of pollutants,which significantly hinders the widespread application of the Anammox process.This study provides a com-prehensive review of the effects of various process operating parameters and inhibitory factors on Anammox bacteria,along with their mechanisms.The objective is to provide valuable insights for future research and engineering applica-tions of the Anammox process.The significance of pH on the growth and metabolism of Anammox bacteria,as well as the inhibitory effect of free substrates caused by pH changes,should not be underestimated.Additionally,it is worth noting that cold shock proteins can mitigate the adverse consequences of low temperatures on Anammox bacteria to a certain extent.Meanwhile,diverse Anammox bacteria exhibit multiple strategies to effectively withstand oxygen in both natural and engineered ecosystems.Low concentrations of organic compounds facilitate the formation of a robust syner-gistic relationship between Anammox bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria.Notably,one of the primary ways in which Anammox bacteria adapt to salinity stress is by either synthesizing or transporting compatible solutes,or by actively ab-sorbing salt.Low concentrations of heavy metal ions can induce Anammox bacteria to secrete a significant amount of extracellular polymers as a defense mechanism against stress.However,a major portion of the energy generated by Anammox bacteria is allocated towards removing intracellular metal ions.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 运行参数 抑制因子 作用机制 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]