印度莫迪政府选举威权主义政策实践、效用与反噬  

Electoral Authoritarianism Policies under the Modi Government:Practice,Effectiveness and Repercussions

作　　者：胡可怡 Hu Keyi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2025年第1期74-99,159,共27页South Asian Studies

摘　　要：政党选举竞争通常围绕两层博弈展开:一是既定选举规则体系下的动员效力竞争;二是围绕规则情境定义本身的元博弈。莫迪政府两届任期内在经济、舆论、文化与制度领域全面推进选举威权式规则重塑,试图降低选举的制度与信息不确定性,将有利于印人党政权延续的政治偏好嵌入规则情境体系之中。该过程产生了双重效应:一方面使印人党成功构建“权力—意识形态综合体”;另一方面,日益激进、频繁的选举威权政策话语加之选举宣传与民生现实的脱节削弱了印人党动员逻辑的说服力,致不安全感与反现任情绪加剧。未来,印人党将在调整选举威权举措推进策略、节奏的同时继续重塑规则情境,选举威权主义的发展动态将持续影响印度政治生态的演进。Electoral competition between political parties usually involves a two tiered game:first is competition under existing electoral system rules vis-à-vis the mobilization of the electorate;second is metalevel competition vis-à-vis the rules of the game.During its two terms as incumbent,the Modi Administration has comprehensively advanced the reshaping of electoral rules in the direction of authoritarianism with respect to the economy,public opinion,culture,and institutional fields.In doing so,the Modi Administration has attempted to reduce the institutional and informational uncertainty of elections and embed political preferences that are conducive to the continuation of the BJP regime into the system.This process has produced two main effects:on the one hand,it has enabled the BJP to successfully construct a "power-ideology complex";on the other hand,the increasingly radical authoritarian electoral policy discourse,coupled with the disconnect between the party's electoral propaganda and the reality of people's lives weakens the persuasiveness of the BJP's logic of electoral mobilization,resulting in increased insecurity and growing antiregime sentiment.In the future,the BJP will continue to reshape electoral rules while it adapts its strategy vis-à-vis authoritarian electoral measures.As such,electoral authoritarianism will continue to affect the evolution of India's political ecology.

关 键 词：印度人民党 莫迪政府 选举威权主义 选举动员 印度教民族主义 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]