阿富汗塔利班战略传播演变历程、影响及现实挑战  

The Evolution,Impact and Real-world Challenges of the Afghan Taliban's Strategic Communications

作　　者：茹素岩 季乃礼[1] Ru Suyan;Ji Naili

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2025年第1期100-126,159,160,共29页South Asian Studies

基　　金：天津市研究生科研创新项目“阿富汗塔利班意识形态研究:生成背景、表现形态及未来影响”(项目批准号:2021YJSB047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：相较于过往坚持原教旨主义立场并对现代技术持明确排斥态度,近二十余年来阿富汗塔利班的战略传播模式与策略经历了一系列显著且深刻的转型。1996年至2001年初执政权期间,塔利班采用高度集权且单一向度的战略传播架构以严格控制信息流动。2001年至2021年过渡期间,其意识形态与战略传播体系高度整合,互联网和社交网络在其中发挥重要作用。2021年8月再次执政以来,塔利班双轨战略传播既着眼于国际形象的积极重塑,又兼顾对本土媒体和社会的严格控制。然而,在战略传播领域塔利班仍面临诸多挑战,包括社交平台封锁限制其信息传播的范围与效率,其传播内容与现实政策执行之间的差距引发国际社会信任危机,对国内反对声音的严厉压制导致社会不满情绪加剧,以及西方国家持续负面宣传进一步加剧其在国际社会中的孤立状态等。Compared with its past adherence to fundamentalist positions and clear rejection of modern technology,the Afghan Taliban's strategic communications models and strategies have undergone a series of significant transformations over the past two decades.During its initial rule from 1996to 2001,the Taliban adopted a highly centralized and unidirectional strategic communications architecture to strictly control the flow of information in the country.During the transition period from 2001 to 2021,its ideology and strategic communications systems became highly integrated,with the internet and social networks playing an important role.Since re-establishing its rule in August 2021,the Taliban's dual-track strategic communications have focused on both the positive reshaping of its international image and on the strict control of local media and society.However,the Taliban still faces many challenges in the field of strategic communications,including with respect to blocking social platforms and restricting the scope and enhancing the efficiency of the dissemination of information.As a result,a gap between the content of its communications and the actual implementation of its policies has resulted in an international trust deficit.At the same time,the Taliban's severe suppression of domestic dissent has resulted in increased social dissatisfaction,and sparked continued negative narratives in western countries,further exacerbating its isolation within the international community.

关 键 词：阿富汗 塔利班 战略传播 社交媒体 国际形象 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]