基于钻孔数据的断层带结构数值模型构建及应用探索  

Numerical model construction and application exploration of fault zone structure based on borehole data

作　　者：赵金海[1,2] 朱伟龙 孙文斌[1,2] 马海龙 乔洋 ZHAO Jinhai;ZHU Weilong;SUN Wenbin;MA Hailong;QIAO Yang(College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Zaozhuang Mining Group Gaozhuang Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Zaozhuang 277605,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学能源与矿业工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,山东青岛266590 [3]枣庄矿业集团高庄煤业有限公司,山东枣庄277605

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2025年第3期1458-1472,共15页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52104203);山东省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(ZR2020QE128)。

摘　　要：断层带数值模型的准确构建和参数赋值一直是煤矿地质工作者面临的难题,采动断层带涌水量预计存在结构复杂、渗透系数获取困难等问题。以采动影响下断层带涌水量计算为背景,基于钻孔探测数据进行断层带数值模型的构建与涌水量研究。首先运用随机裂隙生成方法结合Comsol Multiphysic有限元数值模拟软件,探究了单位面积内和单位体积内不同裂隙数量对孔隙水压力、渗流速度和渗透性的影响,获得了裂隙岩体中单位面积和单位体积裂隙数量与渗透率之间的关系,建立了二维与三维岩体中随机裂隙与渗透率之间的关系。然后基于钻孔探测数据,建立了裂隙岩体质量指标(Rock Quality Designation,RQD)与岩体渗透率之间的函数关系。同时根据钻探数据建立了断层裂隙带三维数值分析模型,研究了不同的岩体在煤层开采过程中,断层带导水和采空区涌水量规律。研究表明:裂隙数量与渗透率之间符合指数函数关系,且相较于二维裂隙模型,三维裂隙岩体中渗透率受裂隙数目增加所提升的幅度更为显著。通过钻孔控制区域范围内实体裂隙的线性延展和未探测区域RQD值参数赋值相结合的方法,构建了含断层带结构的数值分析模型,结合岩体多点钻孔分析,建立了岩体质量指标RQD与渗透率之间的指数函数关系,实现了应用矿井岩体质量指标进行涌水量预测分析。研究成果在矿井涌水预测、突水灾害防治及安全评价方面具有重要意义。The accurate construction and parameter assignment of fault zone numerical models have long been a challenge faced by coal mine geologists.The prediction of inflow from fault zones during mining activities is complicated by issues such as structural complexity and difficulty in obtaining permeability coefficients.This study focuses on the calculation of fault zone inflow under mining influence,and uses borehole survey data to construct numerical models of fault zones and study water inflow.First,a stochastic fracture generation method,in combination with the Comsol Multiphysic finite ele-ment numerical simulation software,was used to investigate the impact of the number of fractures per unit area and unit volume on pore water pressure,seepage velocity,and permeability.The relationship between the number of fractures per unit area and unit volume and permeability in fractured rock masses was determined,and the relationship between stochastic fractures and permeability in both 2D and 3D rock masses was established.Based on borehole survey data,a functional relationship between the fractured rock quality designation(RQD)and rock mass permeability was derived.Ad-ditionally,a 3D numerical analysis model of fault fracture zones was established based on drilling data to study the water-conducting and water inflow patterns of fault zones and goafs during coal seam mining with varying RQD values.The res-ults indicate:The number of fractures and permeability follow an exponential function relationship.Compared to the 2D fracture model,the permeability in 3D fractured rock masses is more significantly enhanced with an increase in fracture number.A numerical analysis model incorporating fault zone structures was constructed using a method that combines lin-ear extension of real fractures within borehole-controlled regions with RQD parameter assignment for undetected areas.This model,in conjunction with multipoint borehole analysis,enabled the establishment of an exponential function rela-tionship between RQD and permeability

关 键 词：钻孔数据 断层带 裂隙数量 渗透率 裂隙岩体质量指标 涌水量 

分 类 号：TD74[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]