煤矿井下5G电磁波瓦斯引燃机理及功率安全阈值  

Ignition mechanism of methane by 5G electromagnetic waves and power safety thresholds in underground coal mines

作　　者：张勇 孟积渐 陈湘源 王晓峰 陈晓晶 陈海舰 郭子文 ZHANG Yong;MENG Jijian;CHEN Xiangyuan;WANG Xiaofeng;CHEN Xiaojing;CHEN Haijian;GUO Ziwen(Explosion-proof and Electrical Safety Technical Standards Institute,China Mine Products Safety Approval and Certification Center,Beijing,100013,China;GuoNeng Yulin Energy Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719054,China;China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Corporation Changzhou Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213035,China)

机构地区：[1]安标国家矿用产品安全标志中心有限公司防爆与电气安全技术标准研究院,北京100013 [2]国能榆林能源有限责任公司,陕西榆林719054 [3]中煤科工集团常州研究院有限公司,江苏常州213035

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2025年第3期1804-1826,共23页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：中国煤炭科工集团科技创新创业资金重点资助项目(2022-2-ZD003)。

摘　　要：5G技术凭借其大带宽、低时延和广连接等优势,在煤矿行业的智能化转型中展现出巨大潜力。针对5G射频信号在煤矿井下使用可能引发瓦斯爆炸的潜在风险,以及现行标准对5G射频应用的局限性展开系统性研究。首先,对现有防爆标准进行了溯源与分析,阐明其历史演进与适用范围,并建立了煤矿井下射频设备发射端安全阈值评价体系。随后,综合考虑低温等离子体动力学、电磁波传播理论和瓦斯爆炸反应动力学等因素,构建了空气/甲烷混合气体环境中电磁波功率安全阈值的通用计算模型。通过半波振子天线的参数匹配设计,实现了射频能量对放电电极的有效馈入,并在试验室条件下完成了瓦斯点燃试验。结果表明,射频能量能够引燃瓦斯,且安全阈值受到调制方式、频率、温湿度、能量积聚、天线增益及多源叠加等多重因素的共同影响。研究发现,5GNR700MHz频段电磁波的功率安全阈值不低于43.3W;以发射端作为评价指标时,不需要考虑天线增益对安全阈值的影响。基于相关系数与天线分集的方法可有效量化多源叠加对安全评估的影响,并指出在满足特定条件时可忽略多源叠加,从而提升射频功率的利用效率。本研究明确了煤矿井下700MHz频段5G基站的功率安全阈值,为其他频段及射频设备的安全研究提供了参考,并强调了修订相关标准的重要性,以便在复杂井下环境中更加精准地评估电磁波引燃易燃气体的风险,从而助力煤矿行业的智能化转型与安全生产。5G technology,with its advantages of high bandwidth,low latency,and extensive connectivity,has shown great potential in driving the intelligent transformation of the coal mining industry.This study systematically investigates the potential risk of methane gas explosions triggered by 5G RF signals in underground coal mines and the limitations of cur-rent standards for 5G RF applications.First,existing explosion-proof standards were traced and analyzed to clarify their historical evolution and scope.An evaluation system for the safety thresholds of RF device transmitters in underground coal mines was then established.Subsequently,a universal calculation model for electromagnetic wave power safety thresholds in air/methane mixtures was developed by integrating low-temperature plasma dynamics,electromagnetic wave propagation theory,and methane explosion reaction kinetics.Through parametric matching design of a half-wave dipole antenna,efficient RF energy coupling to the discharge electrode was achieved,and laboratory experiments were conduc-ted to ignite methane gas.The results demonstrated that RF energy can ignite methane,and the safety threshold is influ-enced by multiple factors,including modulation mode,frequency,temperature and humidity,energy accumulation,an-tenna gain,and multi-source superposition.The study found that the power safety threshold for the 5G NR 700 MHz band is not lower than 43.3 W.When evaluating the safety threshold based on the transmitter,the impact of antenna gain can be neglected.A method based on correlation coefficients and antenna diversity was developed to effectively quantify the im-pact of multi-source superposition on safety evaluations,indicating that under certain conditions,the effect of multi-source superposition can be ignored,thereby improving the utilization efficiency of RF power.This study clarified the power safety threshold for 700 MHz 5G base stations in underground coal mines,provided a reference for the safety research of other frequency bands and RF devices,and empha

关 键 词：煤矿 5G技术 射频电磁能 防爆安全 安全阈值 低温等离子体 多源叠加 

分 类 号：X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]