德国对华政策欧洲化及其对中欧关系的建构效应  

The Europeanization of Germany's China Policy and Its Constructive Effect on China-EU Relations

作　　者：黄颖 Huang Ying

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学区域与全球治理高等研究院,100089

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2025年第1期56-83,6,共29页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“德国对华政策欧洲化及其对中欧关系的建构效应”(项目批准号:2024QY002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,欧盟对华政策逐渐由接触与合作转为合作、竞争与防范,这一转变是德国与欧盟政策相互作用的结果。外交政策欧洲化是一个多向度的动态过程,有纵向和横向关联,也有正向和反向作用,适用于系统阐释德国与欧盟对华政策的互动机制。无论是调整本国政策偏好适应欧盟的制度规范,还是向欧盟层面投射其政策偏好,德国皆表现出较强的适应和塑造能力。德国对华政策主要遵循嵌入型、投射型、交互型三种欧洲化路径,蕴含着规范强化、角色重塑、精英社会化三种欧洲化形态。在外交和安全、人权等高政治领域,德国与欧盟对华政策匹配度较高,德国主要采用嵌入型欧洲化路径,且欧洲化程度较高;在经贸、科技、环境和能源等低政治领域,德国与欧盟对华政策不匹配的情况时有发生,德国常采用投射型或交互型欧洲化路径,欧洲化程度处于低位或不稳定阶段。在世界大变局下,德国日益将其对华政策纳入欧盟制度框架,并在中欧关系重构过程中发挥重要作用。中欧关系的未来充满复杂性与不确定性,但双边关系发展仍具有较大的可塑性。Since the 21^(st)century,the EU's China policy has gradually shifted from a strategy of engagement and cooperation to one of cooperation,competition,and precaution,which is the result of the interaction between German and EU policies.The Europeanization of foreign policy is a multidimensional dynamic process with vertical and horizontal correlations,as well as positive and negative effects,making it a useful framework for explaining the interaction between Germany's and the EU's China policies.Germany has demonstrated strong adaptability and shaping capability in adjusting national policy preferences to EU institutional norms and projecting its policy preferences onto the EU level.Germany's China policy mainly follows three Europeanization paths:embedment,projection,and interaction,which implies three Europeanization forms:norm reinforcement,role reshaping,and elite socialization.In high-political areas such as diplomacy,security,and human rights,Germany's China policy closely aligns with that of the EU,primarily adopting an embedded approach with a high degree of Europeanization.However,in low-political areas such as trade,technology,environment,and energy,mismatches between Germany's and the EU's China policies frequently occur,leading Germany to adopt either a projection or interactive approach,where the degree of Europeanization remains low or unstable.Against the backdrop of global shifts,Germany is increasingly integrating its China policy into the institutional framework of the EU and playing an important role in the restructuring of China-EU relations.The future of China-EU relations remains complex and uncertain,but there is still flexibility and room for reshaping Germany-China relations.

关 键 词：区域国别研究 德国对华政策 欧洲化 中欧关系 政策嵌入 国家投射 去风险 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]