跨界民族与地区安全:中东库尔德问题的生成与嬗变  

Cross-border Ethnic Group and Regional Security:The Emergence and Evolution of the Kurdish Question in the Middle East

作　　者：李睿恒 Li Ruiheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2025年第1期108-133,7,8,共28页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：肇始于第一次世界大战后的库尔德问题,长期以来并未表现出整体性的地区安全内涵,而是演化为“各国库尔德问题”。受大民族主义叙事和集体性惩罚措施的激化,库尔德社会生成“他者化”的集体创伤记忆,土耳其、伊朗、伊拉克和叙利亚等四国政府成为库尔德人“自我”整合时共同的“他者”。在现代通信技术进步与2011年中东变局的诱发下,集体创伤记忆转化为共同的对外政治行为,库尔德人在时间、空间、行动和理念四个维度跨界联动,引爆“库尔德之春”。这表明民族跨界而居的客观现实不意味着跨界民族必然构成一个地区安全问题,只有在其各自所在国国内机制和国际变局两个层面的合力作用下,跨界民族才有可能内聚于各国跨界交汇地带,进而整体反向对该地区形成地缘安全冲击。The Kurdish question,which emerged after World WarⅠ,had long lacked a comprehensive regional security connotation.Instead,it had evolved into separate Kurdish issues within individual states.Intensified by the nationalist narratives and collective punitive measures in the four relevant countries-Turkey,Iran,Iraq,and Syria,the Kurds developed a collective traumatic memory of“otherization,”with the four governments collectively serving as the“other”in the process of Kurdish self-identification.However,with the advancement of modern communication technologies and the 2011 Middle East upheavals,this collective traumatic memory was transformed into a common external political response.The Kurds then engaged in cross-border mobilization along four dimensions-time,space,action,and idea,igniting the so-called“Kurdish Spring.”This suggests that the mere existence of a cross-border ethnic group does not necessarily constitute a regional security issue.Rather,only with the combined effect of the domestic mechanisms and international changes could cross-border ethnic groups consolidate in the cross-border intersections,ultimately generating a reverse geopolitical security impact on the region.

关 键 词：非传统安全 中东 库尔德问题 民族主义 跨界民族 地区安全 集体记忆 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]