冷战时期美台同盟的沟通机制——以蒋介石和美国总统之间的函电往来为例  

Communication Mechanisms of the U.S.-Taiwan Alliance during the Cold War:An Analysis of the Correspondence between Chiang Kai-shek and U.S.Presidents

作　　者：陈长伟[1] Chen Changwei

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2025年第1期134-160,8,共28页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：1954—1972年间,中国台湾地区领导人与美国总统之间通过大量函电往来保持密切的政策互动。这些函电不仅是领导者个人之间通信,更是同盟框架下盟友对话的工具,承载着许多决策信息和政治考量,反映出冷战时期美台同盟的沟通机制及其特点。蒋介石频繁对美发起函电,旨在拉近与美国领导人的关系、游说美国政府支持中国台湾“反攻内地”以及索取经济与军事援助等。然而,蒋介石对美函电的政策效果受制限于函电的传递方式、双方领导人的个人关系、美国总统对外交决策的介入程度及致电时机选择等因素。美国方面则以官僚机构为主导应对,总统参与有限,展现出同盟中强弱双方的不对称性。通过分析美蒋函电,可看出美台同盟运作中“垂直型”沟通模式的特征,即弱势一方(中国台湾)依赖稳定高层沟通以突破官僚阻碍,而强势一方(美国)则将其视为次要事务。这种机制反映了冷战时期美国亚太盟友体系内沟通的不平等本质,为理解同盟关系提供了一个独特视角。Between 1954 and 1972,the leaders of Taiwan region,Province of China and U.S.presidents maintained close policy interactions through extensive correspondence via letters and telegrams.These communications were not merely personal exchanges but served as tools for dialogue between allies within the framework of their alliance,carrying significant decision-making information and political considerations.They reflect the communication mechanisms and characteristics of the U.S.-Taiwan region alliance during the Cold War era.Chiang Kai-shek frequently initiated correspondence to strengthen ties with American leaders,lobby for policy support,and request assistance.However,the effectiveness of Chiang's correspondence was constrained by such factors as the mode of delivery,the personal relationships between him and American leaders,the extent of U.S.presidential involvement in foreign policy decisions,as well as the timing of the communications.On the U.S.side,responses were predominantly managed by bureaucratic institutions with limited presidential involvement,highlighting the asymmetry between the stronger and weaker partners in the alliance.Through analyzing the Chiang-U.S.correspondence,this article reveals the“vertical”communication model in the U.S.-Taiwan region alliance,where the weaker party(Taiwan region)relied on stable high-level communication to bypass bureaucratic obstacles,while the stronger party(U.S.)treated it as a secondary matter.This mechanism reflects the inherent inequality in communications within the U.S.Asia-Pacific alliance system during the Cold War,offering a unique perspective for understanding alliance dynamics.

关 键 词：中国政治与外交 中美关系 美台同盟 中国台湾问题 外交沟通 

分 类 号：D822.2[政治法律—政治学]